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Color refinement is a classical technique used to show that two given graphs G and H are non-isomorphic; it is very efficient, although it does not succeed on all graphs. We call a graph G amenable to color refinement if it succeeds in…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-05-05 V. Arvind , Johannes Köbler , Gaurav Rattan , Oleg Verbitsky

A matching is said to be disconnected if the saturated vertices induce a disconnected subgraph and induced if the saturated vertices induce a 1-regular graph. The disconnected and induced matching numbers are defined as the maximum…

Presented approach in polynomial time calculates large number of invariants for each vertex, which won't change with graph isomorphism and should fully determine the graph. For example numbers of closed paths of length k for given starting…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2008-05-19 Jarek Duda

We resolve the longstanding open problem concerning the computational complexity of Max Cut on interval graphs by showing that it is NP-complete.

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Ranendu Adhikary , Kaustav Bose , Satwik Mukherjee , Bodhayan Roy

We propose an algorithm for solving of the graph isomorphism problem. Also, we introduce the new class of graphs for which the graph isomorphism problem can be solved polynomially using the algorithm.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Rashit T. Faizullin , Alexander V. Prolubnikov

The criteria for determining graph isomorphism are crucial for solving graph isomorphism problems. The necessary condition is that two isomorphic graphs possess invariants, but their function can only be used to filtrate and subdivide…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Chuanfu Hu , Aimin Hou

Notions of graph similarity provide alternative perspective on the graph isomorphism problem and vice-versa. In this paper, we consider measures of similarity arising from mismatch norms as studied in Gervens and Grohe: the edit distance…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-05-07 He Sun , Danny Vagnozzi

A set of vertices in a graph is c-colorable if the subgraph induced by the set has a proper c-coloring. In this paper, we study the problem of finding a step-by-step transformation (reconfiguration) between two c-colorable sets in the same…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-02-20 Takehiro Ito , Yota Otachi

In a recent breakthrough, Babai (STOC 2016) gave a quasipolynomial time graph isomorphism test. In this work, we give an improved isomorphism test for graphs of small degree: our algorithms runs in time $n^{O((\log d)^{c})}$, where $n$ is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Martin Grohe , Daniel Neuen , Pascal Schweitzer

Let G and H be two cographs. We show that the problem to determine whether H is a retract of G is NP-complete. We show that this problem is fixed-parameter tractable when parameterized by the size of H. When restricted to the class of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-03-26 Ton Kloks , Yue-Li Wang

(Induced) Subgraph Isomorphism and Maximum Common (Induced) Subgraph are fundamental problems in graph pattern matching and similarity computation. In graphs derived from time-series data or protein structures, a natural total ordering of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Haruya Imamura , Yasuaki Kobayashi , Yota Otachi , Toshiki Saitoh , Keita Sato , Asahi Takaoka , Ryo Yoshinaka , Tom C. van der Zanden

Given a graph $G$, the graph $[G]$ obtained by adding, for each pair of vertices of $G$, a unique vertex adjacent to both vertices is called the binding graph of $G$. In this work, we show that the class of binding graphs is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-27 Rui Xue

We study how many comparability subgraphs are needed to partition the edge set of a perfect graph. We show that many classes of perfect graphs can be partitioned into (at most) two comparability subgraphs and this holds for almost all…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-10 András Gyárfás , Márton Marits , Géza Tóth

A graph $G$ covers a graph $H$ if there exists a locally bijective homomorphism from $G$ to $H$. We deal with regular covers where this homomorphism is prescribed by the action of a semiregular subgroup of $\textrm{Aut}(G)$. We study…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-01-31 Jiří Fiala , Pavel Klavík , Jan Kratochvíl , Roman Nedela

Clique-width is a well-studied graph parameter owing to its use in understanding algorithmic tractability: if the clique-width of a graph class ${\cal G}$ is bounded by a constant, a wide range of problems that are NP-complete in general…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-23 Konrad K. Dabrowski , Matthew Johnson , Daniël Paulusma

The graph isomorphism problem is theoretically interesting and also has many practical applications. The best known classical algorithms for graph isomorphism all run in time super-polynomial in the size of the graph in the worst case. An…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-04-26 David Rosenbaum

An NP-complete coloring or homomorphism problem may become polynomial time solvable when restricted to graphs with degrees bounded by a small number, but remain NP-complete if the bound is higher. For instance, 3-colorability of graphs with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-11-29 Aurosish Mishra , Pavol Hell

The boxicity of a graph $G$ is the minimum dimension $d$ that admits a representation of $G$ as the intersection graph of a family of axis-parallel boxes in $\mathbb{R}^d$. Computing boxicity is an NP-hard problem, and there are few known…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-03 Marco Caoduro , Will Evans , Tao Gaede

Twin-width is a graph parameter introduced in the context of first-order model checking, and has since become a central parameter in algorithmic graph theory. While many algorithmic problems become easier on arbitrary classes of bounded…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-12 Irene Heinrich , Moritz Lichter , Klara Pakhomenko , Simon Raßmann

We study a well known noisy model of the graph isomorphism problem. In this model, the goal is to perfectly recover the vertex correspondence between two edge-correlated Erd\H{o}s-R\'{e}nyi random graphs, with an initial seed set of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-27 Elchanan Mossel , Jiaming Xu
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