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This white paper presents an analysis of Astro2020 science priorities and NASA's future astrophysics mission architecture, advocating for a coordinated fleet of \$1--2B missions, smaller than typical Flagship observatories, but…

(Un)conscious bias affects every aspect of the astronomical profession, from scientific activities (e.g., invitations to join collaborations, proposal selections, grant allocations, publication review processes, and invitations to attend…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-13 Alessandra Aloisi , Neill Reid

(Un)conscious bias affects every aspect of the astronomical profession, from scientific activities (e.g., invitations to join collaborations, proposal selections, grant allocations, publication review processes, and invitations to attend…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-07-12 Alessandra Aloisi , Neill Reid

The historical development of ground based astronomical telescopes leads us to expect that space-based astronomical telescopes will need to be operational for many decades. The exchange of scientific instruments in space will be a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 N. Schartel

The World Space Observatory/Ultraviolet (WSO/UV) represents a new mission implementation model for large space missions for astrophysics. The process has been brought up to enable, fully scientific needs driven, a logic to be applied to the…

Popular Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 W. Wamsteker , H. J. Haubold

The UN Office of Outer Space Affairs identifies synergy of space development activities and international cooperation through data and infrastructure sharing in their Sustainable Development Goal 17 (SDG17). Current multilateral space…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-08-12 Holly M. Dinkel , Jason K. Cornelius

Measuring scientific development is a difficult task. Different metrics have been put forward to evaluate scientific development; in this paper we explore a metric that uses the number of peer-reviewed, and when available non-peer-reviewed…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2013-11-04 V. A. R. M. Ribeiro , P. Russo , A. Cardenas-Avendano

The project CAESAR (Comprehensive spAce wEather Studies for the ASPIS prototype Realization) is aimed to tackle all the relevant aspects of Space Weather (SWE) and realize the prototype of the scientific data centre for Space Weather of the…

The Hubble Space Telescope's mission is summarized, with special emphasis placed on the Space Telescope Science Institute's unique experience with Hubble's behavior as an astronomical telescope in the environment of low earth orbit for over…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2012-03-02 Matthew Lallo

The NASA Great Observatories Maturation Program is a development plan to efficiently and effectively develop large, strategic astrophysics missions. Suborbital rocket and balloon programs have long been a key development tool for enabling…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-11 Drew M. Miles

As miniaturized spacecraft (e.g., cubesats and smallsats) and instrumentation become an increasingly indispensable part of space exploration and scientific investigations, it is important to understand their potential susceptibility to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-22 Yihua Zheng , Michael Xapsos , Insoo Jun , T. P. O'Brien , Linda Parker , Wousik Kim , Justin Likar , Joseph Minow , Thomas Chen , Douglas Rowland

Large-scale research infrastructures (LSRIs) are central to contemporary science policy, combining massive capital investments with international access regimes. Yet whether open access to these infrastructures translates into more…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-22 Yue Chen , Yuqi Wang , Yuying Gao , Zhiqi Wang , Lianlian Liu , Chun Yang

One of the most regular activities of amateur clubs is scientific outreach, a paramount channel to disseminate scientific results. It is typically performed through talks given by both experts (professional astronomers) and non-experts to a…

Africa has amazing potential due to natural (such as dark sky) and human resources for scientific research in astronomy and space science. At the same time, the continent is still facing many difficulties, and its countries are now…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-05 Mirjana Pović

The "Airships: A New Horizon for Science" study at the Keck Institute for Space Studies investigated the potential of a variety of airships currently operable or under development to serve as observatories and science instrumentation…

The Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) is one of four instruments aboard the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). NIRSpec is developed by ESA with AIRBUS Defence & Space as prime contractor. The calibration of its various observing modes is…

After an introduction to the ESA Herschel Space Observatory including a mission overview, science objectives, results and productivity we examine the process and outcomes of the announcements of observing opportunities (AOs). For Herschel,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-21 Goran L. Pilbratt , Pedro Garcia-Lario , Arvind N. Parmar

Policy Brief on "Latest Developments and Opportunities in Sky Survey", distilled from the corresponding panel that was part of the discussions during S20 Policy Webinar on Astroinformatics for Sustainable Development held on 6-7 July 2023.…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-22 Anthony Brown , Federica Bianco , Varun Bhalerao , Shri Kulkarni , Jeffery Cooke , David H. Reitze , Pranav Sharma , Ashish Mahabal

During European Space Weather Week 15 two plenary sessions were held to review the status of operational space weather forecasting. The first session addressed the topic of working with space weather service providers now and in the future,…

Space Physics · Physics 2019-08-19 Suzy Bingham , Sophie A. Murray , Antonio Guerrero , Alexi Glover , Peter Thorn

XRISM is an X-ray astronomical mission by the JAXA, NASA, ESA and other international participants, that is planned for launch in 2022 (Japanese fiscal year), to quickly restore high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of astrophysical objects.…