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Related papers: Normalization: A Preprocessing Stage

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One of the difficulties of training deep neural networks is caused by improper scaling between layers. Scaling issues introduce exploding / gradient problems, and have typically been addressed by careful scale-preserving initialization. We…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-04-27 Henry Z. Lo , Kevin Amaral , Wei Ding

The computation of the normaliser of a permutation group in the full symmetric group is an important and hard problem in computational group theory. This article reports on an algorithm that builds a descending chain of overgroups to…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-03-27 Andreas-Stephan Elsenhans

In cluster analysis, a common first step is to scale the data aiming to better partition them into clusters. Even though many different techniques have throughout many years been introduced to this end, it is probably fair to say that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Eduardo J. Aguilar , Valmir C. Barbosa

Data clustering is the process of identifying natural groupings or clusters within multidimensional data based on some similarity measure. Clustering is a fundamental process in many different disciplines. Hence, researchers from different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-08-26 Sibei Yang , Liangde Tao , Bingchen Gong

We introduce a new technique for gradient normalization during neural network training. The gradients are rescaled during the backward pass using normalization layers introduced at certain points within the network architecture. These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Alejandro Cabana , Luis F. Lago-Fernández

Kernelization is a general theoretical framework for preprocessing instances of NP-hard problems into (generally smaller) instances with bounded size, via the repeated application of data reduction rules. For the fundamental Max Cut…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Damir Ferizovic , Demian Hespe , Sebastian Lamm , Matthias Mnich , Christian Schulz , Darren Strash

Normalization methods are a central building block in the deep learning toolbox. They accelerate and stabilize training, while decreasing the dependence on manually tuned learning rate schedules. When learning from multi-modal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-15 Lucas Deecke , Iain Murray , Hakan Bilen

Batch normalization is one of the most important regularization techniques for neural networks, significantly improving training by centering the layers of the neural network. There have been several attempts to provide a theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Joris Dannemann , Gero Junike

Batch normalization has been widely used to improve optimization in deep neural networks. While the uncertainty in batch statistics can act as a regularizer, using these dataset statistics specific to the training set impairs generalization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-02 Vincent Michalski , Vikram Voleti , Samira Ebrahimi Kahou , Anthony Ortiz , Pascal Vincent , Chris Pal , Doina Precup

The normalizing layer has become one of the basic configurations of deep learning models, but it still suffers from computational inefficiency, interpretability difficulties, and low generality. After gaining a deeper understanding of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Chang Liu , Yuwen Yang , Yue Ding , Hongtao Lu

In general, speech processing models consist of a language model along with an acoustic model. Regardless of the language model's complexity and variants, three critical pre-processing steps are needed in language models: cleaning,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-16 Romina Oji , Seyedeh Fatemeh Razavi , Sajjad Abdi Dehsorkh , Alireza Hariri , Hadi Asheri , Reshad Hosseini

Batch normalization is currently the most widely used variant of internal normalization for deep neural networks. Additional work has shown that the normalization of weights and additional conditioning as well as the normalization of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Wolfgang Fuhl , Enkelejda Kasneci

Normalization is a vital process for any machine learning task as it controls the properties of data and affects model performance at large. The impact of particular forms of normalization, however, has so far been investigated in limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Chintan Trivedi , Konstantinos Makantasis , Antonios Liapis , Georgios N. Yannakakis

Complex networks have acquired a great popularity in recent years, since the graph representation of many natural, social and technological systems is often very helpful to characterize and model their phenomenology. Additionally, the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-02-06 Filippo Radicchi , Alain Barrat , Santo Fortunato , Jose J. Ramasco

We propose an algorithm for taming Normalizing Flow models - changing the probability that the model will produce a specific image or image category. We focus on Normalizing Flows because they can calculate the exact generation probability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Shimon Malnick , Shai Avidan , Ohad Fried

The widespread use of Batch Normalization has enabled training deeper neural networks with more stable and faster results. However, the Batch Normalization works best using large batch size during training and as the state-of-the-art…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Martin Kolarik , Radim Burget , Kamil Riha

The Normalization transformation plays a key role in the compilation of Diderot programs. The transformations are complicated and it would be easy for a bug to go undetected. To increase our confidence in normalization part of the compiler…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-05-25 Charisee Chiw , John Reppy

In microarray technology, a number of critical steps are required to convert the raw measurements into the data relied upon by biologists and clinicians. These data manipulations, referred to as preprocessing, influence the quality of the…

Applications · Statistics 2009-09-29 Zhijin Wu , Rafael A. Irizarry

Batch Normalization (BatchNorm) is a widely adopted technique that enables faster and more stable training of deep neural networks (DNNs). Despite its pervasiveness, the exact reasons for BatchNorm's effectiveness are still poorly…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-04-16 Shibani Santurkar , Dimitris Tsipras , Andrew Ilyas , Aleksander Madry

Regularization is crucial to the success of many practical deep learning models, in particular in a more often than not scenario where there are only a few to a moderate number of accessible training samples. In addition to weight decay,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-07 Che-Wei Huang , Shrikanth S. Narayanan