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We generalize Grover algorithm with two arbitrary phases in a density matrix set up. We give exact analytic expressions for the success probability after arbitrary number of iteration of the generalized Grover operator as a function of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-01 Saptarshi Roy Chowdhury , Swarupananda Pradhan

In the Grover-type quantum search process a search operator is iteratively applied, say, k times, on the initial database state. We present an additive decomposition scheme such that the iteration process is expressed, in the computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-07 F. M. Toyama , W. van Dijk

The landmark Grover algorithm for amplitude amplification serves as an essential subroutine in various type of quantum algorithms, with guaranteed quantum speedup in query complexity. However, there have been no proposal to realize the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-28 Hiroyuki Tezuka , Kouhei Nakaji , Takahiko Satoh , Naoki Yamamoto

Cardinality-constrained binary optimization is a fundamental computational primitive with broad applications in machine learning, finance, and scientific computing. In this work, we introduce a Grover-based quantum algorithm that exploits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Haomu Yuan , Hanqing Wu , Kuan-Cheng Chen , Bin Cheng , Crispin H. W. Barnes

Quantum search is a quantum mechanical technique for searching N possibilities in only sqrt(N) steps. This has been proved to be the best possible algorithm for the exhuastive search problem in the sense the number of queries it requires…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Lov K. Grover

Grover's algorithm accelerates unstructured database search quadratically compared to classical algorithms. In the NISQ era, distributed quantum computing can decrease circuit depth and reduce noise. In this paper, an algorithm for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-16 Huaijing Huang , Daowen Qiu , Ximing Hua , Xinyu Chen

We introduce an algorithm for combinatorial search on quantum computers that is capable of significantly concentrating amplitude into solutions for some NP search problems, on average. This is done by exploiting the same aspects of problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Tad Hogg

We introduce an algorithm for combinatorial search on quantum computers that is capable of significantly concentrating amplitude into solutions for some NP search problems, on average. This is done by exploiting the same aspects of problem…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2009-09-25 T. Hogg

We report the experimental implementation of Grover's quantum search algorithm on a quantum computer with three quantum bits. The computer consists of molecules of $^{13}$C-labeled CHFBr$_2$, in which the three weakly coupled spin-1/2…

Quantum multi-programming is a method utilizing contemporary noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers by executing multiple quantum circuits concurrently. Despite early research on it, the research remains on quantum gates or small-size…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-09 Gilchan Park , Kun Zhang , Kwangmin Yu , Vladimir Korepin

In this paper we give a quantum mechanical algorithm that can search a database by a single query, when the number of solutions is more than a quarter. It utilizes modified Grover operator of arbitrary phase.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Dong Pyo Chi , Jinsoo Kim

Grover's quantum search algorithm provides a quadratic quantum advantage over classical algorithms across a broad class of unstructured search problems. The original protocol is probabilistic, returning the desired result with significant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-15 Tanay Roy , Liang Jiang , David I. Schuster

$ $In its usual form, Grover's quantum search algorithm uses $O(\sqrt{N})$ queries and $O(\sqrt{N} \log N)$ other elementary gates to find a solution in an $N$-bit database. Grover in 2002 showed how to reduce the number of other gates to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-24 Srinivasan Arunachalam , Ronald de Wolf

The standard quantum search algorithm lacks a feature, enjoyed by many classical algorithms, of having a fixed-point, i.e. a monotonic convergence towards the solution. Here we present two variations of the quantum search algorithm, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Lov K. Grover , Apoorva Patel , Tathagat Tulsi

In standard Grover's algorithm for quantum searching, the probability of finding the marked item is not exactly 1. In this Letter we present a modified version of Grover's algorithm that searches a marked state with full successful rate.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 G. L. Long

We present the implementation of Grover's algorithm in a quantum simulator to perform a quantum search for preimages of two scaled hash functions, whose design only uses modular addition, word rotation, and bitwise exclusive or. Our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-03 Sergi Ramos-Calderer , Emanuele Bellini , José I. Latorre , Marc Manzano , Victor Mateu

Two indispensable algorithms in an introductory course on Quantum Computing are Grover's search algorithm and quantum phase estimation. Quantum counting is a simple yet beautiful blend of these two algorithms, and it is therefore an…

Physics Education · Physics 2026-02-26 Natalie Chung , Rafael I. Nepomechie

We report the implementation of Grover's quantum search algorithm in the scalable system of trapped atomic ion quantum bits. Any one of four possible states of a two-qubit memory is marked, and following a single query of the search space,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 K. -A. Brickman , P. C. Haljan , P. J. Lee , M. Acton , L. Deslauriers , C. Monroe

Grover's search algorithm provides a quadratic speedup over classical brute-force search in terms of query complexity and is widely used as a versatile subroutine in numerous quantum algorithms, including those for combinatorial problems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Eunok Bae , Jeonghyeon Shin , Minjin Choi

Quantum hardware continues to advance, yet finding new quantum algorithms - quantum software - remains a challenge, with classically trained computer programmers having little intuition of how computational tasks may be performed in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-12 Václav Potoček , Alan P. Reynolds , Alessandro Fedrizzi , David W. Corne