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Risk assessments for advanced AI systems require evaluating both the models themselves and their deployment contexts. We introduce the Societal Capacity Assessment Framework (SCAF), an indicators-based approach to measuring a society's…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Milan Gandhi , Peter Cihon , Owen Larter , Rebecca Anselmetti

A common problem in risk analysis is to characterize the overall security of a system of valuable assets (e.g., government buildings or communication hubs), and to suggest measures to mitigate any hazards or security threats. Currently,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Vicki Bier , Alexander Gutfraind

This chapter reviews key contributions of complexity science to the study of systemic risk in financial systems. The focus is on network models of financial contagion, where I explore various mechanisms of shock propagation, such as…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-02-21 Fabio Caccioli

Cyber networks are fundamental to many organization's infrastructure, and the size of cyber networks is increasing rapidly. Risk measurement of the entities/endpoints that make up the network via available knowledge about possible threats…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-29 Arda Bayer , David Maluf , Behnaam Aazhang

The relentless process of tracking and remediating vulnerabilities is a top concern for cybersecurity professionals. The key challenge is trying to identify a remediation scheme specific to in-house, organizational objectives. Without a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Corren McCoy , Ross Gore , Michael L. Nelson , Michele C. Weigle

Risks threatening modern societies form an intricately interconnected network that often underlies crisis situations. Yet, little is known about how risk materializations in distinct domains influence each other. Here we present an approach…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-05-03 Boleslaw K. Szymanski , Xin Lin , Andrea Asztalos , Sameet Sreenivasan

The stability of a complex financial system may be assessed by measuring risk contagion between various financial institutions with relatively high exposure. We consider a financial network model using a bipartite graph of financial…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-05-23 Bikramjit Das , Vicky Fasen-Hartmann

Organizations including companies, nonprofits, governments, and academic institutions are increasingly developing, deploying, and utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) tools. Responsible AI (RAI) governance approaches at organizations have…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Emily Hadley , Alan Blatecky , Megan Comfort

Empirical measures of financial connectedness based on Forecast Error Variance Decompositions (FEVDs) often yield dense network structures that obscure true transmission channels and complicate the identification of systemic risk. This…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-19 Fu Ouyang , Thomas T. Yang , Wenying Yao

Determining the key elements of interconnected infrastructure and complex systems is paramount to ensure system functionality and integrity. This work quantifies the dominance of the networks' nodes in their respective neighborhoods,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-11-30 Marcus Engsig , Alejandro Tejedor , Yamir Moreno , Efi Foufoula-Georgiou , Chaouki Kasmi

In real-life decision-making problems, determining the influences of the factors on the decision attribute is one of the primary tasks. To affect the decision attribute most, finding a proper hierarchy among the factors and determining…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Suvojit Dhara , Adrijit Goswami

Advanced societies are crucially dependent on critical infrastructure networks for the reliable delivery of essential goods and services. Hence, well-founded analyses concerning disruptions are necessary to inform decisions that aim to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Joaquín de la Barra , Ahti Salo , Leevi Olander , Kash Barker , Jussi Kangaspunta

This paper studies distributionally robust optimization for a rich class of risk measures with ambiguity sets defined by $\phi$-divergences. The risk measures are allowed to be non-linear in probabilities, are represented by Choquet…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-15 Guanyu Jin , Roger J. A. Laeven , Dick den Hertog

Network analysis can help uncover meaningful regularities in the organization of complex systems. Among these, rich clubs are a functionally important property of a variety of social, technological and biological networks. Rich clubs emerge…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-12-03 Jeff Alstott , Pietro Panzarasa , Mikail Rubinov , Ed Bullmore , Petra Vertes

Identification and scoring functions are statistical tools to assess the calibration and the relative performance of risk measure estimates, e.g., in backtesting. A risk measures is called identifiable (elicitable) it it admits a strict…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-02-08 Tobias Fissler , Jana Hlavinová , Birgit Rudloff

We discuss the systemic risk implied by the interbank exposures reconstructed with the maximum entropy method. The maximum entropy method severely underestimates the risk of interbank contagion by assuming a fully connected network, while…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2017-03-16 M. Andrecut

In this article, we address the challenge of identifying skilled mutual funds among a large pool of candidates, utilizing the linear factor pricing model. Assuming observable factors with a weak correlation structure for the idiosyncratic…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-22 Hongfei Wang , Long Feng , Ping Zhao , Zhaojun Wang

We introduce a probabilistic framework that represents stylized banking networks with the aim of predicting the size of contagion events. Most previous work on random financial networks assumes independent connections between banks, whereas…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-04-12 Thomas R. Hurd , James P. Gleeson , Sergey Melnik

Bank financial performance encapsulates an institution's capacity to effectively manage its assets, capital, and operational activities to generate profits and ensure stability. Evaluating this performance necessitates the integration of…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2025-09-11 Dong Trung Chinh , Nguyen Thi Thu Hien , Pham Huong Quynh , Vu Quang Minh

Cascading failures represent a fundamental threat to the integrity of complex systems, often precipitating a comprehensive collapse across diverse infrastructures and financial networks. This research articulates a robust and pragmatic…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2024-06-28 Karan Singh , V. K. Chandrasekar , D. V. Senthilkumar