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A new generation of interferometric instruments is emerging which aim to use intensity mapping of redshifted $21\,$cm radiation to measure the large-scale structure of the Universe at $z\simeq 1-2$ over wide areas of sky. While these…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-16 Martin White , Nikhil Padmanabhan

High-contrast imaging instruments need extreme wavefront control to directly image exoplanets. This requires highly sensitive wavefront sensors which optimally make use of the available photons to sense the wavefront. Here, we propose to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-14 Rico Landman , Christoph Keller , Emiel H. Por , Sebastiaan Haffert , David Doelman , Thijs Stockmans

We have simulated the interferometric observation of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature and polarization fluctuations. We have constructed data pipelines from the time-ordered raw visibility samples to the CMB power spectra…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Chan-Gyung Park , Kin-Wang Ng , Changbom Park , Guo-Chin Liu , Keiichi Umetsu

Radio frequency interference (RFI) is the principal factor limiting the sensitivities of radio telescopes, particularly at frequencies below 1 GHz. I present a conceptually new approach to mitigation of RFI in interferometric data. This has…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 Ramana Athreya

The sensitivity of radio telescopes is becoming increasingly limited by the presence of radio frequency interference (RFI), which will worsen as the radio spectrum becomes more crowded. One context where this poses a challenge is the field…

Fringe-projection profilometry with 1 camera and 1 fringe-projector is a well-known and widely used technique in optical metrology. Spatial-frequency multiplexing interferometry with several spatial-carriers having non-overlapping…

Optics · Physics 2017-02-21 Manuel Servin , Moises Padilla , Guillermo Garnica

In order to produce high dynamic range images in radio interferometry, bright extended sources need to be removed with minimal error. However, this is not a trivial task because the Fourier plane is sampled only at a finite number of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2011-01-17 Sarod Yatawatta

We present a new approach for image reconstruction and weak lensing measurements with interferometers. Based on the shapelet formalism presented in Refregier (2001), object images are decomposed into orthonormal Hermite basis functions. The…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 Tzu-Ching Chang , Alexandre Refregier

This paper reviews two techniques that have been recently published for 3D profilometry and proposes one shot profilometry using iterative two-step temporal phase-unwrapping by combining the composite fringe projection and the iterative…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-05-24 Guangliang Du , Minmin Wang , Canlin Zhou , Shuchun Si , Hui Li , Zhenkun Lei , Yanjie Li

Time-resolved atom interferometry, as employed in applications such as gravitational wave detection and searches for ultra-light dark matter, requires precise control over systematic effects. In this work, we investigate phase noise arising…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2025-11-25 Noam Mouelle , Jeremiah Mitchell , Valerie Gibson , Ulrich Schneider

Radio interferometers observe the Fourier space of the sky, at locations determined by the array geometry. Before a real space image is constructed by a Fourier transform, the data is weighted to improve the quality of reconstruction. Two…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 Sarod Yatawatta

Wavefront sensing involves estimating the phase and intensity of light, enabling a wide range of imaging applications, from adaptive optics and astronomy to biomedical imaging. Since conventional image sensors can only measure the spatial…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-07 Nebiyou Yismaw , Vishwanath Saragadam , Aswin C. Sankaranarayanan , M. Salman Asif

Techniques to improve the data quality of interferometric radio observations are considered. Fundaments of fringe frequencies in the uv-plane are discussed and filters are used to attenuate radio-frequency interference (RFI) and off-axis…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2012-04-02 A. R. Offringa , A. G. de Bruyn , S. Zaroubi

In many optical metrology techniques, fringe pattern analysis is the central algorithm for recovering the underlying phase distribution from the recorded fringe patterns. Despite extensive research efforts for decades, how to extract the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-03-22 Shijie Feng , Qian Chen , Guohua Gu , Tianyang Tao , Liang Zhang , Yan Hu , Wei Yin , Chao Zuo

Fringe pattern based measurement techniques are the state-of-the-art in full-field optical metrology. They are crucial both in macroscale, e.g., fringe projection profilometry, and microscale, e.g., label-free quantitative phase microscopy.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-25 Maria Cywinska , Mikolaj Rogalski , Filip Brzeski , Krzysztof Patorski , Maciej Trusiak

Electromagnetic radiation from human activities, known as man-made Radio Frequency Interference (RFI), adversely affects radio astronomy observations. In the vicinity of the Upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT) array, the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-21 Kaushal D. Buch , Ruta Kale , Kishor D. Naik , Rahul Aragade , Mekhala Muley , Sanjay Kudale , Ajith Kumar B

Traditional phase-shifting interferometry technique cannot be used to measure time-varying phase distributions. But single shot techniques could resolve the problem. Many efforts have been made on the phase retrieval methods from a single…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-03-31 Lifa Hu , Wen Shena , Wenchao Ma , Dongting Hu , Xinyu Liu

The CLEAN algorithm, widely used in radio interferometry for the deconvolution of radio images, performs well only if the raw radio image (dirty image) is, to good approximation, a simple convolution between the instrumental point-spread…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 I. M. Stewart , D. M. Fenech , T. W. B. Muxlow

In order to measure the radial displacements of facets on surface of a growing spherical Cu_{2-\delta}Se crystal with sub-nanometer resolution, we have investigated the reliability and accuracy of standard method of Fourier analysis of…

Optics · Physics 2009-11-13 Jadranko Gladic , Zlatko Vucic , Davorin Lovric

The iterative refinement method (IRM) has been very successfully applied in many different fields for examples the modern quantum chemical calculation and CT image reconstruction. It is proved that the refinement method can create an exact…

Medical Physics · Physics 2015-12-23 Kang Yang , Kevin Yang , Xintie Yang , Shuang-Ren Zhao