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Motivated by random evolutions which do not start from equilibrium, in a recent work, Peligrad and Voln\'{y} (2018) showed that the quenched CLT (central limit theorem) holds for ortho-martingale random fields. In this paper, we study the…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-09-12 Na Zhang , Lucas Reding , Magda Peligrad

Bifurcating Markov chains (BMC) are Markov chains indexed by a full binary tree representing the evolution of a trait along a population where each individual has two children. We provide a central limit theorem for general additive…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-07-02 S. Valère Bitseki Penda , Jean-François Delmas

Suppose that X_n, n>=0 is a stationary Markov chain and V is a certain function on a phase space of the chain, called an observanle. We say that the observable satisfies the central limit theorem (C.L.T.) if Y_n:=N^{-1/2}\sum_{n=0}^NV(X_n)…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-07-12 Tymoteusz Chojecki

We develop a central limit theorem (CLT) for a non-parametric estimator of the transition matrices in controlled Markov chains (CMCs) with finite state-action spaces. Our results establish precise conditions on the logging policy under…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-26 Ziwei Su , Imon Banerjee , Diego Klabjan

We prove an invariance principle (functional central limit theorem) for a vector-valued additive functional of a Markov chain for almost every starting point with respect to an ergodic equilibrium distribution. The hypothesis is a moment…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-10-20 F. Rassoul-Agha , T. Seppalainen

The main objective of this article is to establish a central limit theorem for additive three-variable functionals of bifurcating Markov chains. We thus extend the central limit theorem under point-wise ergodic conditions studied in…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-07-04 S. Valère Bitseki Penda

Bifurcating Markov chains (BMC) are Markov chains indexed by a full binary tree representing the evolution of a trait along a population where each individual has two children. We provide a central limit theorem for additive functionals of…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-06-16 S. Valère Bitseki Penda , Jean-François Delmas

We prove a quenched functional central limit theorem (quenched FCLT) for the sums of a random field (r.f.) along a Z d-random walk in different frameworks: probabilistic (when the r.f. is i.i.d. or a moving average of i.i.d. random…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-04-27 Jean-Pierre Conze

This paper surveys various results about Markov chains on general (non-countable) state spaces. It begins with an introduction to Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms, which provide the motivation and context for the theory which…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-09-29 Gareth O. Roberts , Jeffrey S. Rosenthal

A discrete-time Markov chain can be transformed into a new Markov chain by looking at its states along iterations of an almost surely finite stopping time. By the optional stopping theorem, any bounded harmonic function with respect to the…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-05-04 Iddo Ben-Ari , Behrang Forghani

The production of molecules in a chemical reaction network is modelled as a Poisson process with a Markov-modulated arrival rate and an exponential decay rate. We analyze the distributional properties of $M$, the number of molecules, under…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-09-17 D. Anderson , J. Blom , M. Mandjes , H. Thorsdottir , K. de Turck

This paper is a survey of various proofs of the so called {\em fundamental theorem of Markov chains}: every ergodic Markov chain has a unique positive stationary distribution and the chain attains this distribution in the limit independent…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-04-05 Somenath Biswas

This paper aims to establish a central limit theorem for Markov processes conditioned not to be absorbed under a very general assumption on quasi-stationarity for the underlying process. To do so, a central limit theorem has been…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-03-31 William Oçafrain

We establish a multivariate empirical process central limit theorem for stationary $\R^d$-valued stochastic processes $(X_i)_{i\geq 1}$ under very weak conditions concerning the dependence structure of the process. As an application we can…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-01-28 Herold Dehling , Olivier Durieu

The Central Limit Theorem (CLT) for additive functionals of Markov chains is a well known result with a long history. In this paper we present applications to two finite-memory versions of the Elephant Random Walk, solving a problem from…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-05-04 Iddo Ben-Ari , Jonah Green , Taylor Meredith , Hugo Panzo , Xiaoran Tan

We provide a framework for empirical process theory of locally stationary processes using the functional dependence measure. Our results extend known results for stationary Markov chains and mixing sequences by another common possibility to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-08-20 Nathawut Phandoidaen , Stefan Richter

Whereas classical invariance principles for ergodic Markov chains address the situation in which the time horizon of observations is much larger than the mixing time, the quality of approximation is questionable when this is not the case…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Gabriele Bellerino , Angelika Rohde

We establish the central limit theorem for linear processes with dependent innovations including martingales and mixingale type of assumptions as defined in McLeish [Ann. Probab. 5 (1977) 616--621] and motivated by Gordin [Soviet Math.…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Magda Peligrad , Sergey Utev

Establishing central limit theorems (CLTs) for ergodic averages of Markov chains is a fundamental problem in probability and its applications. Since the seminal work~\cite{MR834478}, a vast literature has emerged on the sufficient…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Miha Brešar , Aleksandar Mijatović , Gareth Roberts

In this paper, we establish a version of the central limit theorem for Markov-Feller continuous time processes (with a Polish state space) that are exponentially ergodic in the bounded-Lipschitz distance and enjoy a continuous form of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-10-09 Dawid Czapla , Katarzyna Horbacz , Hanna Wojewódka-Ściążko