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The emergence of new technologies in software testing has increased the automation and flexibility of the testing process. In this context, the adoption of agents in software testing remains an active research area in which various agent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Pavithra Perumal Kumaresen , Mirgita Frasheri , Eduard Enoiu

Formal verification offers a path to provably correct software, but writing verified code remains expensive enough that the technique is rarely used in production. Recent large language models can accelerate this work, and recent benchmarks…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Leo Yao

Software testing framework can be stated as the process of verifying and validating that a computer program/application works as expected and meets the requirements of the user. Usually testing can be done manually or using tools. Manual…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2013-07-15 K. Karnavel , V. Divya , Gnanakeerthika , P. Karthika

The coordination of multiple autonomous vehicles into convoys or platoons is expected on our highways in the near future. However, before such platoons can be deployed, the new autonomous behaviors of the vehicles in these platoons must be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-02-05 Maryam Kamali , Louise A. Dennis , Owen McAree , Michael Fisher , Sandor M. Veres

Probabilistic model checking is a technique for formal automated reasoning about software or hardware systems that operate in the context of uncertainty or stochasticity. It builds upon ideas and techniques from a diverse range of fields,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-08-08 David Parker

The AgentSpeak type of languages are considered for decision making in autonomous control systems. To reduce the complexity and increase the verifiability of decision making, a limited instruction set agent (LISA) is introduced. The new…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-03-04 Paolo Izzo , Hongyang Qu , Sandor M. Veres

Agent technology is a software paradigm that permits to implement large and complex distributed applications. In order to assist the development of multi-agent systems, agent-oriented methodologies (AOM) have been created in the last years…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-03-13 Mohamed Garoui , Belhassen Mazigh , Béchir El Ayeb , Abderrafiaa Koukam

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) offer promising potential for automating formal methods. However, applying them to formal verification remains challenging due to the complexity of specification languages, the risk of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xinyue Zuo , Yifan Zhang , Hongshu Wang , Yufan Cai , Zhe Hou , Jing Sun , Jin Song Dong

Artifact systems are a novel paradigm for specifying and implementing business processes described in terms of interacting modules called artifacts. Artifacts consist of data and lifecycles, accounting respectively for the relational…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2013-01-23 Francesco Belardinelli , Alessio Lomuscio , Fabio Patrizi

We introduce Orla, a library for constructing and running LLM-based agentic systems. Modern agentic applications consist of workflows that combine multiple LLM inference steps, tool calls, and heterogeneous infrastructure. Today, developers…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Rana Shahout , Hayder Tirmazi , Minlan Yu , Michael Mitzenmacher

Communication is a critical part of enabling multi-agent systems to cooperate. This means that applying formal methods to protocols governing communication within multi-agent systems provides useful confidence in its reliability. In this…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Matt Luckcuck , Rafael C. Cardoso

Formal verification of intelligent agents is often computationally infeasible due to state-space explosion. We present a tool for reducing the impact of the explosion by means of state abstraction that is (a) easy to use and understand by…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Wojciech Jamroga , Yan Kim

AI agents are increasingly used to solve complex, multi-step tasks, but existing multi-agent frameworks remain brittle as workflows grow in scale and depth. Small errors at intermediate stages can propagate through agent interactions, while…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Andy Xu , Yu-Wing Tai

It is important to have multi-agent robotic system specifications that ensure correctness properties of safety and liveness. As these systems have concurrency, and often have dynamic environment, the formal specification and verification of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-04-20 Nadeem Akhtar , Malik M. Saad Missen

Agents in an open system communicate using interaction protocols. Suppose that we have a system of agents and that we want to add a new protocol that all (or some) agents should be able to understand. Clearly, modifying the source code for…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2014-03-04 Lavindra de Silva , Michael Winikoff , Wei Liu

Recent advances in LLM-based agent systems have shown promise on complex, long-horizon tasks, but existing agent protocols (e.g., A2A and MCP) do not adequately support lifecycle-aware coordination across agents, tools, and environments. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Wentao Zhang , Liang Zeng , Yuzhen Xiao , Yongcong Li , Ce Cui , Yilei Zhao , Rui Hu , Yang Liu , Yahui Zhou , Bo An

While large language model-based multi-agent systems have shown strong potential for complex reasoning, how to effectively organize multiple agents remains an open question. In this paper, we introduce OrgAgent, a company-style hierarchical…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Yiru Wang , Xinyue Shen , Yaohui Han , Michael Backes , Pin-Yu Chen , Tsung-Yi Ho

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being applied to programming tasks, ranging from single-turn code completion to autonomous agents. Current code agent designs frequently depend on complex, hand-crafted workflows and tool sets.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Hankun Dai , Maoquan Wang , Mengnan Qi , Yikai Zhang , Zijian Jin , Yongqiang Yao , Yufan Huang , Shengyu Fu , Elsie Nallipogu

As the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to advance, LLM-based agent systems offer advantages in flexibility and interpretability over traditional systems, garnering increasing attention. However, despite the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Zexin Wang , Jingjing Li , Quan Zhou , Haotian Si , Yuanhao Liu , Jianhui Li , Gaogang Xie , Fei Sun , Dan Pei , Changhua Pei

We describe a model-checking toolchain for the behavioral verification of AADL models that takes into account the realtime semantics of the language and that is compatible with the AADL Behavioral Annex. We give a high-level view of the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-03-03 B Berthomieu , J. -P Bodeveix , S Dal Zilio , M Filali , D Le Botlan , G Verdier , F Vernadat