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In recent years, novel quantifications of measurement error in quantum mechanics have for the first time enabled precise formulations of Heisenberg's famous but often challenged measurement uncertainty relation. These relations take the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-28 Paul Busch , David B Pearson

Traditional forms of quantum uncertainty relations are invariably based on the standard deviation. This can be understood in the historical context of simultaneous development of quantum theory and mathematical statistics. Here, we present…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-19 Gautam Sharma , Chiranjib Mukhopadhyay , Sk Sazim , Arun Kumar Pati

The measurement of an informative observable strongly disturbs a quantum state. We examine the so-called information-disturbance relation by introducing order relations based on the state distinction power of an observable and a variety of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-20 Ikko Hamamura , Takayuki Miyadera

In this comment we show that the experimental results for a universally valid uncertainty relation in ref.[J. Erhart et al. Nat. Phys.(2012)10.1038/nphys2194]cannot be justified. The experiments cannot be recognized to establish a violation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-20 Yoshimasa Kurihara

Although Heisenberg's uncertainty principle is represented by a rigorously proven relation about intrinsic indeterminacy in quantum states, Heisenberg's error-disturbance relation (EDR) has been commonly believed as another aspect of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-27 Yuki Inoue , Masanao Ozawa

Incompatible observables can be approximated by compatible observables in joint measurement or measured sequentially, with constrained accuracy as implied by Heisenberg's original formulation of the uncertainty principle. Recently, Busch,…

Measurement uncertainty relations are quantitative bounds on the errors in an approximate joint measurement of two observables. They can be seen as a generalization of the error/disturbance tradeoff first discussed heuristically by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-01 Paul Busch , Pekka Lahti , Reinhard F Werner

It is shown that the well-defined unbiased measurement or disturbance of a dynamical variable is not maintained for the precise measurement of the conjugate variable, independently of uncertainty relations. The conditionally valid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-16 Kazuo Fujikawa

Defining an error of measurement has long been a foundational problem in science: even in classical experiments, data are statistical and admit no single universally optimal definition of error. In quantum mechanics, the challenge deepens:…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Haruki Emori , Hiroyasu Tajima

Information-theoretic definitions for noise and disturbance in quantum measurements were given in Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 050401 (2014) and a state-independent noise-disturbance uncertainty relation was obtained. Here, we derive a tight…

The well-known Robertson-Schr\"odinger uncertainty relations have state-dependent lower bounds which are trivial for certain states. We present a general approach to deriving tight state-independent uncertainty relations for qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-26 Alastair A. Abbott , Pierre-Louis Alzieu , Michael J. W. Hall , Cyril Branciard

In general, it is difficult to evaluate measurement errors when the initial and final conditions of the measurement make it impossible to identify the correct value of the target observable. Ozawa proposed a solution based on the operator…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-09 Masataka Iinuma , Yutaro Suzuki , Taiki Nii , Ryuji Kinoshita , Holger F. Hofmann

In quantum mechanics, the variance-based Heisenberg-type uncertainty relations are a series of mathematical inequalities posing the fundamental limits on the achievable accuracy of the state preparations. In contrast, we construct and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-15 Yao Yao , Xing Xiao , Xiaoguang Wang , C. P. Sun

A universal formulation of uncertainty relations for quantum measurements is presented with additional focus on the representability of quantum observables by classical observables over a given state. Owing to the simplicity and operational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-01 Jaeha Lee

Analyzing Heisenberg--Robertson (HR) and Schr\"{o}dinger uncertainty relations we found, that there can exist a large set of states of the quantum system under considerations, for which the lower bound of the product of the standard…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Krzysztof Urbanowski

Measurement uncertainty relations are lower bounds on the errors of any approximate joint measurement of two or more quantum observables. The aim of this paper is to provide methods to compute optimal bounds of this type. The basic method…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-08 René Schwonnek , David Reeb , Reinhard F. Werner

We study the sum uncertainty relations based on variance and skew information for arbitrary finite N quantum mechanical observables. We derive new uncertainty inequalities which improve the exiting results about the related uncertainty…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-18 Qing-Hua Zhang , Shao-Ming Fei

We report a refinement of Robertson-Schroedinger uncertainty relation via Wigner-Yanase skew information. Besides the well known quantum uncertainty arising from the noncommutativity of observables, there is classical uncertainty arising…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-03-27 Sixia Yu , C. H. Oh

The problem of characterising the accuracy of, and disturbance caused by a joint measurement of position and momentum is investigated. In a previous paper the problem was discussed in the context of the unbiased measurements considered by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. M. Appleby

A universally valid uncertainty relation proposed by Ozawa is re-investigated under for the generalized equation of motion with some boundary condition. Necessary conditions for violation (lessening) of the Heisenberg-type uncertainty…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-12-18 Yoshimasa Kurihara