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Time modulation can cause gain and loss in photonic media, leading to complex modal behaviors and enhanced wave controllability in the non-Hermitian regime. Conversely, we reveal that Hermiticity and parity-time $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetry…

Optics · Physics 2025-07-08 Rui-Chuan Zhang , Shu Yang , Yixin Sha , Zetao Xie , Yi Yang

Time-varying media have recently emerged as a new paradigm for wave manipulation, thanks to thesynergy between the discovery of novel, highly nonlinear materials, such as epsilon-near-zero materials, and the questfor novel wave…

Originally emerged within the context of string and quantum field theory, and later fruitfully extrapolated to photonics, the algebraic transformations of quantum-mechanical supersymmetry were conceived in the space realm. Here, we…

We propose a mechanism for realization of exact control of parity-time (PT) symmetry by using a periodically modulated nonlinear optical coupler with balanced gain and loss. It is shown that for certain appropriately chosen values of the…

Optics · Physics 2016-10-26 Baiyuan Yang , Xiaobing Luo , QiangLin Hu , XiaoGuang Yu

We reveal a generic connection between the effect of time-reversals and nonlinear wave dynamics in systems with parity-time (PT) symmetry, considering a symmetric optical coupler with balanced gain and loss where these effects can be…

Optics · Physics 2012-05-23 Andrey A. Sukhorukov , Zhiyong Xu , Yuri S. Kivshar

We present a consistent theoretical approach for calculating effective nonlinear susceptibilities of metamaterials taking into account both frequency and spatial dispersion. Employing the discrete dipole model, we demonstrate that effects…

Temporal metamaterials are artificially manufactured materials with time-dependent material properties that exhibit interesting phenomena when waves propagate through them. The propagation of electromagnetic waves in such time-varying…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-03-23 Christian Döding , Barbara Verfürth

Electromagnetic waves in a system with a space and time dependent boundary experience both diffraction and Doppler-like frequency conversion. In order to analyse such situations, conventional methods call for either the eigenmodes or the…

Optics · Physics 2021-07-14 Daigo Oue , Kun Ding , J. B. Pendry

We provide a feasible and compact scheme to control and stabilize the spatiotemporal dynamics of BAS lasers. The proposal is based on the ability of non-Hermitian potentials with given local symmetries to manage the flow of light. A local…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2020-03-25 Medina Pardell Judith , Herrero Ramon , Botey Muriel , Staliunas Kestutis

Using the Maxwell-Bloch equations for resonantly absorbing and amplifying media, we study the temporal dynamics of light propagation through the PT-symmetric structures with alternating loss and gain layers. This approach allows us to…

Optical instabilities in moving media are linked to a spontaneous parity-time symmetry breaking of the system. It is shown that in general the time evolution of the electromagnetic waves in moving media is determined by a non-Hermitian…

Optics · Physics 2015-06-19 M. G. Silveirinha

Since the parity-time-(PT-) symmetric quantum mechanics was put forward, fundamental properties of some linear and nonlinear models with PT-symmetric potentials have been investigated. However, previous studies of PT-symmetric waves were…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2017-05-29 Yong Chen , Zhenya Yan , Dumitru Mihalache , Boris A. Malomed

The temporal modulation of material parameters enables optical amplification within linear media. Here we consider the fundamental building block of plasmonics, a subwavelength metal nanoparticle, and study how temporal modulation alters…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-08-29 Miguel Verde , Paloma A. Huidobro

We analyze the propagation of electromagnetic waves in media where the dielectric constants undergo rapid temporal periodic modulation. Both spatially homogeneous and periodic media are studied. Fast periodic temporal modulation of the…

Photonic media modulated periodically in time, termed photonic time crystals (PTCs), have attracted considerable attention for their ability to open momentum bandgaps hosting amplifying modes. These momentum gaps, however, generally appear…

Temporal interfaces introduced by abrupt switching of the constitutive parameters of unbounded media enable unusual wave phenomena. So far, their explorations have been mostly limited to lossless media. Yet, non-Hermitian phenomena…

Optics · Physics 2021-10-08 Huanan Li , Shixiong Yin , Emanuele Galiffi , Andrea Alù

We analyze the propagation of an incident electromagnetic wave in a purely-time modulated medium. Precisely, we assume that the permeability is unchanged while the permittivity has a multiple-step profile in time and uniformly constant in…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-12-18 Mourad Sini , Haibing Wang , Qingyun Yao

We investigate the spectral properties and dynamical features of a time-periodic PT-symmetric Hamiltonian on a one-dimensional tight-binding lattice. It is shown that a high-frequency modulation can drive the system under a transition…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-06 Giuseppe Della Valle , Stefano Longhi

Radiation from magnetic and electric dipole moments is a key subject in theory of electrodynamics. Although people treat the problem thoroughly in the context of frequency domain, the problem is still not well understood in the context of…

Classical Physics · Physics 2020-07-15 M. S. Mirmoosa , G. A. Ptitcyn , R. Fleury , S. A. Tretyakov

The latest breakthroughs in time-varying photonics are fueling novel thermal emission phenomena, for example, showing that the dynamic amplification of quantum vacuum fluctuations, induced by the time-modulation of material properties,…