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The characteristics of the Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) environment may reflect the differences in GRB progenitors: long GRBs are expected to be found in high-density star-forming regions of the GRB host galaxies, while short ones may be…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-07-24 Dounia Saez , Diego Götz

Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) are bright, brief flashes of high energy photons that have fascinated scientists for 30 years. They come in two classes: long (>2 s), softspectrum bursts and short, hard events. The major progress to date on…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-03-19 N. Gehrels

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are cosmic events occurring at large distances beyond our galaxy. They provide a unique opportunity to study electromagnetic patterns not seen elsewhere. When the collimated GRB outflow interacts with the outer…

Gamma-ray bursts (GRB) are sudden, intense flashes of gamma-rays which, for a few blinding seconds, light up in an otherwise fairly dark gamma-ray sky. They are detected at the rate of about once a day, and while they are on, they outshine…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-13 P. Meszaros

Gamma Ray Burst (GRBs) are empirically classified as long-duration GRBs (LGRBs, $>$ 2s) and short-duration GRBs (SGRBs, $<$ 2s). Physically they can be grouped into two distinct progenitor categories: those originating from collapse of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-07-22 Ye Li , Bing Zhang , Qiang Yuan

While Gamma-Ray Burst (GRBs) are clear and distinct observed events, every individual GRB is unique. In fact, GRBs are known for their variable behaviour, and BATSE was already able to discover two categories of GRB from the T90…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-08-25 Karlijn Kruiswijk , Gwenhaël de Wasseige

Short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are explosive transients caused by binary mergers of compact objects containing at least one neutron star. Multi-wavelength afterglow observations provide constraints on the physical parameters of the jet, its…

The final chapter in the long-standing mystery of the gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) centres on the origin of the short-hard class, suspected on theoretical grounds to result from the coalescence of neutron star or black hole binary systems.…

The empirical classification of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) into long and short GRBs based on their durations is already firmly established. This empirical classification is generally linked to the physical classification of GRBs originating…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-10-17 Jia-Wei Luo , Fei-Fei Wang , Jia-Ming Zhu-Ge , Ye Li , Yuan-Chuan Zou , Bing Zhang

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are generally believed to originate from two distinct progenitors, compact binary mergers and massive collapsars. Traditional and some recent machine learning-based classification schemes predominantly rely on…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-22 Si-Yuan Zhu , Lang Shao , Pak-Hin Thomas Tam , Fu-Wen Zhang

I show here that the time-delay between the gamma ray burst proper and the onset of the afterglow is a sensitive function of the surrounding density, going from ~10s for typical disk densities to several hours for IGM densities. Since bulk…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Mario Vietri

The association of long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with Type Ib/c supernovae implies that they explode into the winds of their Wolf-Rayet progenitor stars. Although the evolution of some GRB afterglows is consistent with expansion into a free…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-06-05 Roger A. Chevalier

Likely progenitors for the GRBs (gamma-ray bursts) are the mergers of compact objects or the explosions of massive stars. These two cases have distinctive environments for the GRB afterglow: the compact object explosions occur in the ISM…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 R. A. Chevalier , Z. -Y. Li

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are classified as long and short events. Long GRBs (LGRBs) are associated with the end states of very massive stars, while short GRBs (SGRBs) are linked to the merger of compact objects. GRB 200826A was a peculiar…

From Galactic binary sources, to extragalactic magnetized neutron stars, to long-duration GRBs without associated supernovae, the types of sources we now believe capable of producing bursts of gamma-rays continues to grow apace. With this…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Joshua S. Bloom , Nathaniel R. Butler , Daniel A. Perley

We present a comparative study of the observed properties of the optical and X-ray afterglows of short- and long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Using a large sample of 37 short and 421 long GRBs, we find a strong correlation between the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-08-05 M. Nysewander , A. S. Fruchter , A. Pe'er

We discuss how gamma-ray burst (GRB) optical afterglows and multiwavelength observations of their host galaxies can be used to obtain information about the relative amounts of star formation happening in optical and submillimetre galaxies.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Neil Trentham , Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz , A. W. Blain

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have traditionally been classified by their prompt emission duration and spectral hardness, with short GRBs (sGRB; $\lesssim2 \ \rm{s}$) originating from compact object mergers and long GRBs (LGRB; $\gtrsim2 \…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-09 Hannah Skobe , Brendan O'Connor , Antonella Palmese , Lewi Westcott , Christopher J. Conselice , Katelyn Breivik

GRB data accumulated over the years have shown that the distribution of their time duration is bimodal. While there is some evidence that long bursts are associated with star-forming regions, nothing is known regarding the class of short…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Rosalba Perna , Krzysztof Belczynski

There is growing evidence that long and hard gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), discovered at redshifts between 0.4 and 3.4, are related to some type of supernova (SN) explosions. The GRB ejecta are ultra-relativistic, and possibly beamed. There is a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Bohdan Paczynski