Related papers: The reals as rational Cauchy filters
In this paper we present new ways to construct external subsets of nonstandard models of arithmetic using mostly internal sets, and show that if an ultraproduct of prime finite fields includes a copy of the algebraic real numbers then…
Let p/q be a rational number. Numeration in base p/q is defined by a function that evaluates each finite word over A_p={0,1,...,p-1} to some rational number. We let N_p/q denote the image of this evaluation function. In particular, N_p/q…
We consider the fragment F of first order arithmetic in which quantification is restricted to ''for all but finitely many.'' We show that the integers form an F-elementary substructure of the real numbers. Consequently, the F-theory of…
The paper introduces the notion of the size of countable sets that preserves the Part-Whole Principle and generalizes the notion of the cardinality of finite sets. The sizes of natural numbers, integers, rational numbers, and all their…
Given any polynomial with real coefficients, the existence of a real quadratic polynomial factor is proven using only basic real analysis. The aim is to provide an approachable proof to anybody who is familiar with the least upper bound…
The ordered structures of natural, integer, rational and real numbers are studied in this thesis. The theories of these numbers in the language of order are decidable and finitely axiomatizable. Also, their theories in the language of order…
This paper represents one approach to making explicit some of the assumptions and conditions implied in the widespread representation of numbers by composite quantum systems. Any nonempty set and associated operations is a set of natural…
Complex numbers are an intrinsic part of the mathematical formalism of quantum theory, and are perhaps its most mysterious feature. In this paper, we show that the complex nature of the quantum formalism can be derived directly from the…
Exact representations of real numbers such as the signed digit representation or more generally linear fractional representations or the infinite Gray code represent real numbers as infinite streams of digits. In earlier work by the first…
The article is devoted to the investigation of representation of rational numbers by Cantor series. Necessary and sufficient conditions for a rational number to be representable by a positive Cantor series are formulated for the case of an…
The Operator axioms have produced new real numbers with new operators. New operators naturally produce new equations and thus extend the traditional mathematical models which are selected to describe various scientific rules. So new…
The theory of uniform approximation of real numbers motivates the study of products of consecutive partial quotients in regular continued fractions. For any non-decreasing positive function $\varphi:\mathbb{N}\to [2,\infty)$, we determine…
Let $I$ be a perfect ideal of height two in $R=k[x_1, \ldots, x_d]$ and let $\varphi$ denote its Hilbert-Burch matrix. When $\varphi$ has linear entries, the algebraic structure of the Rees algebra $\mathcal{R}(I)$ is well-understood under…
In this paper, we define an operator function as a series of operators corresponding to the Taylor series representing the function of the complex variable. In previous papers, we considered the case when a function has a decomposition in…
It is shown that in two-state quantum theory, a generic quantum state can be described by a non-computable real number. In terms of this, the criterion for measurement outcome is simply and deterministically defined. This demonstration is…
It is described how the coefficients of Daubechies wavelet matrices can be approximated by rational numbers in such a way that the perfect reconstruction property of the filter bank be preserved exactly
A new construction of the real number system, that is built directly upon the additive group of integers and has its roots in the definition due to Henri Poincar\'e of the rotation number of an orientation preserving homeomorphism of the…
We generalize Dirichlet's diophantine approximation theorem to approximating any real number $\alpha$ by a sum of two rational numbers $\frac{a_1}{q_1} + \frac{a_2}{q_2}$ with denominators $1 \leq q_1, q_2 \leq N$. This turns out to be…
The question whether quantum measurements reflect some underlying objective reality has no generally accepted answer. We show that description of such reality is possible under natural conditions such as linearity and causality, although in…
We study the structural regularities and irregularities of the reals in inner models of set theory. Starting with $L$, G\"{o}del's constructible universe, our study of the reals is thus two-fold. On the one hand, we study how their…