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Long-horizon tasks, which have a large discount factor, pose a challenge for most conventional reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms. Algorithms such as Value Iteration and Temporal Difference (TD) learning have a slow convergence rate and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Mark Bedaywi , Amin Rakhsha , Amir-massoud Farahmand

We investigate whether Jacobi preconditioning, accounting for the bootstrap term in temporal difference (TD) learning, can help boost performance of adaptive optimizers. Our method, TDprop, computes a per parameter learning rate based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Joshua Romoff , Peter Henderson , David Kanaa , Emmanuel Bengio , Ahmed Touati , Pierre-Luc Bacon , Joelle Pineau

We consider large linear and nonlinear fixed point problems, and solution with proximal algorithms. We show that there is a close connection between two seemingly different types of methods from distinct fields: 1) Proximal iterations for…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2019-09-05 Dimitri P. Bertsekas

A common optimization tool used in deep reinforcement learning is momentum, which consists in accumulating and discounting past gradients, reapplying them at each iteration. We argue that, unlike in supervised learning, momentum in Temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Emmanuel Bengio , Joelle Pineau , Doina Precup

This document should serve as a quick reference for and guide to the implementation of linear GQ($\lambda$), a gradient-based off-policy temporal-difference learning algorithm. Explanation of the intuition and theory behind the algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-12 Adam White , Richard S. Sutton

On-policy distillation (OPD) has emerged as an efficient post-training paradigm for large language models. However, existing studies largely attribute this advantage to denser and more stable supervision, while the parameter-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Yuchen Cai , Ding Cao , Liang Lin , Chunxi Luo , Xin Xu , Kai Yang , Weijie Liu , Saiyong Yang , Tianxiang Zhao , Guangzhong Sun , Guiquan Liu , Junfeng Fang

Detecting anomalies has become an increasingly critical function in the financial service industry. Anomaly detection is frequently used in key compliance and risk functions such as financial crime detection fraud and cybersecurity. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Hongda Shen , Eren Kurshan

In traditional statistical learning, data points are usually assumed to be independently and identically distributed (i.i.d.) following an unknown probability distribution. This paper presents a contrasting viewpoint, perceiving data points…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Yangchen Pan , Junfeng Wen , Chenjun Xiao , Philip Torr

Reward models are central to both reinforcement learning (RL) with language models and inference-time verification. However, existing reward models often lack temporal consistency, leading to ineffective policy updates and unstable RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Dan Zhang , Min Cai , Jonathan Light , Ziniu Hu , Yisong Yue , Jie Tang

We propose a unified framework to study policy evaluation (PE) and the associated temporal difference (TD) methods for reinforcement learning in continuous time and space. We show that PE is equivalent to maintaining the martingale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Yanwei Jia , Xun Yu Zhou

In this paper, we develop a new planning method that extends the capabilities of the true online TD to allow an agent to efficiently replay all or part of its past experience, online in the sequence that they appear with, either in each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Abdulrahman Altahhan

Gradient temporal-difference methods provide stable off-policy prediction with linear function approximation, but their practical performance is strongly affected by the geometry induced by the auxiliary-variable metric. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Xingguo Chen , Yuchen Shen , Shangdong Yang , Chao Li , Guang Yang , Wenhao Wang

We initiate the study of federated reinforcement learning under environmental heterogeneity by considering a policy evaluation problem. Our setup involves $N$ agents interacting with environments that share the same state and action space…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Han Wang , Aritra Mitra , Hamed Hassani , George J. Pappas , James Anderson

The finite-time convergence of off-policy TD learning has been comprehensively studied recently. However, such a type of convergence has not been well established for off-policy TD learning in the multi-agent setting, which covers broader…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Ziyi Chen , Yi Zhou , Rongrong Chen

The recent emergence of reinforcement learning has created a demand for robust statistical inference methods for the parameter estimates computed using these algorithms. Existing methods for statistical inference in online learning are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-29 Pratik Ramprasad , Yuantong Li , Zhuoran Yang , Zhaoran Wang , Will Wei Sun , Guang Cheng

While recent continual learning methods largely alleviate the catastrophic problem on toy-sized datasets, some issues remain to be tackled to apply them to real-world problem domains. First, a continual learning model should effectively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Jaehong Yoon , Saehoon Kim , Eunho Yang , Sung Ju Hwang

In this paper, we study the finite-sample statistical rates of distributional temporal difference (TD) learning with linear function approximation. The aim of distributional TD learning is to estimate the return distribution of a discounted…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-14 Yang Peng , Kaicheng Jin , Liangyu Zhang , Zhihua Zhang

Temporal-Difference (TD) learning with nonlinear smooth function approximation for policy evaluation has achieved great success in modern reinforcement learning. It is shown that such a problem can be reformulated as a stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-25 Shuang Qiu , Zhuoran Yang , Xiaohan Wei , Jieping Ye , Zhaoran Wang

In this paper, an off-policy reinforcement learning algorithm is designed to solve the continuous-time LQR problem using only input-state data measured from the system. Different from other algorithms in the literature, we propose the use…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-03 Victor G. Lopez , Matthias A. Müller

In this paper, a new reinforcement learning (RL) method known as the method of temporal differential is introduced. Compared to the traditional temporal-difference learning method, it plays a crucial role in developing novel RL techniques…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Tao Bian , Zhong-Ping Jiang