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Are we smarter now than Socrates was in his time? Society as a whole certainly enjoys a higher degree of education, but humans as a species probably don't get intrinsically smarter with time. Our knowledge base, however, continues to grow…

Physics Education · Physics 2009-11-10 David W. Ward

Fundamental physics today is best defined operationally: it is the program of identifying the microscopic degrees of freedom, symmetries, and dynamical laws that (i) reproduce the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics, General Relativity…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-06 Slava G. Turyshev

Fundamental constants are a cornerstone of the physical laws. Any constant varying in space and/or time would signal a violation of local position invariance and be associated with a violation of the universality of free fall, and hence of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-21 Jean-Philippe Uzan

This article presents an overview of neutrino physics research, with highlights on the physics goals, results and interpretations of the current neutrino experiments and future directions and program. It is not meant to be a comprehensive…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2007-05-23 Henry Tsz-King Wong

Proposed is system of consistent mathematical models describing physical laws of a system of energy emitting bodies in dynamics, relativity and nuclear physics. It is shown the use of developed models for the description of systems,…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2008-01-28 V. O. Groppen

Based on the parallelogram law and isosceles orthogonality, we define a new orthogonal geometric constant. We first discuss some basic properties of this new constant. Next, we consider the relation between the constant and the uniformly…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2022-03-11 Qi Liu , Zhijian Yang , Yongjin Li

In this paper we will relate hyperstructures and the general $\mathscr{H}$-principle to known mathematical structures, and also discuss how they may give rise to new mathematical structures. The main purpose is to point out new ideas and…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2019-05-15 Nils A. Baas

We look for a deep connection between mathematics and physics. Our approach is to propose a set theory T which leads to a concise mathematical description of physical fields and to a finite unit of action. The concept of "definability" of…

General Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 D. J. BenDaniel

A new general and unified method of summation, which is both regular and consistent, is invented. It is based on the idea concerning a way of integers reordering. The resulting theory includes a number of explicit and closed form summation…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2011-10-26 Armen Bagdasaryan

In a recent paper, a "distance" function, \cal D, was defined which measures the distance between pure classical and quantum systems. In this work, we present a new definition of a "distance", D, which measures the distance between either…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Deanna Abernethy , John R. Klauder

The purpose of this paper is to present a new proposal to both dualistic and holistic paradigm, by introducing a complex basic unit system mathematical concept in which the quantitative and the qualitative aspects of reality commingle in a…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Edgar Paternina

A review of the superstatistics concept is provided, including various recent applications to complex systems.

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-28 Christian Beck

Artificial Intelligence - what is this? That is the question! In earlier papers we already gave a formal definition for AI, but if one desires to build an actual AI implementation, the following issues require attention and are treated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-04-01 Dimiter Dobrev

The paper begins by exploring the various definitions of norms on semigroups and then presents a new definition of a normed semigroup. The properties of normed semigroups in the new sense are investigated. The new definition of the norm is…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2015-08-18 V. N. Krishnachandran

This study aims to reinforce the theoretical foundation for diverse systems--including the axiomatic definition of intelligence--by introducing a mathematically rigorous and unified formal structure for the concept of 'state,' which has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Kei Itoh

We present a concise review of the status of the Standard Model and of the search for new physics.

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-12-22 Guido Altarelli

Lecture script of a one-semester course that aims to develop an understanding and appreciation of fundemental concepts in modern physics for students who are comfortable with calculus. This document contains the last part of the course…

Popular Physics · Physics 2015-12-23 Luis A. Anchordoqui

This chapter explores the notion of "dimension" of a set. Various power laws by which an Euclidean space can be characterized are used to define dimensions, which then explore different aspects of the set. Also discussed are the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-11-10 Somendra M. Bhattacharjee

Formal verification of cyber-physical and robotic systems requires that we can accurately model physical quantities that exist in the real-world. The use of explicit units in such quantities can allow a higher degree of rigour, since we can…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Simon Foster , Burkhart Wolff

Mathematical reasoning skills are a desired outcome of many introductory physics courses, particularly calculus-based physics courses. Positive and negative quantities are ubiquitous in physics, and the sign carries important and varied…

Physics Education · Physics 2020-04-29 Suzanne White Brahmia , Alexis Olsho , Trevor I. Smith , Andrew Boudreaux