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For a given graph $G$, the least integer $k\geq 2$ such that for every Abelian group $\mathcal{G}$ of order $k$ there exists a proper edge labeling $f:E(G)\rightarrow \mathcal{G}$ so that $\sum_{x\in N(u)}f(xu)\neq \sum_{x\in N(v)}f(xv)$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Sylwia Cichacz , Jakub Przybyło

For graphs $H$ and $F$, let $\text{ex}(n,H,F)$ be the maximum possible number of copies of $H$ in an $F$-free graph on $n$ vertices. The study of this function, which generalizes the well-known Tur\'{a}n number of graphs, was systematically…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-04-02 Tao Zhang , Gennian Ge

For graphs $H$ and $F$, the generalized Tur\'an number $ex(n,H,F)$ is the largest number of copies of $H$ in an $F$-free graph on $n$ vertices. We consider this problem when both $H$ and $F$ have at most four vertices. We give sharp results…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-30 Dániel Gerbner

In this paper we study the existence of homomorphisms $G\to H$ using semidefinite programming. Specifically, we use the vector chromatic number of a graph, defined as the smallest real number $t \ge 2$ for which there exists an assignment…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-03-29 Chris Godsil , David E. Roberson , Brendan Rooney , Robert Šámal , Antonios Varvitsiotis

A \emph{locally irregular graph} is a graph whose adjacent vertices have distinct degrees. We say that a graph $G$ can be decomposed into $k$ locally irregular subgraphs if its edge set may be partitioned into $k$ subsets each of which…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-03-02 Jakub Przybyło

In this note, we fix a graph $H$ and ask into how many vertices can each vertex of a clique of size $n$ can be "split" such that the resulting graph is $H$-free. Formally: A graph is an $(n,k)$-graph if its vertex sets is a pairwise…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-05 Maria Axenovich , Ryan R. Martin

We consider the structure of $H$-free subgraphs of graphs with high minimal degree. We prove that for every $k>m$ there exists an $\epsilon:=\epsilon(k,m)>0$ so that the following holds. For every graph $H$ with chromatic number $k$ from…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-06-20 Noga Alon , Clara Shikhelman

Given a graph $G$, its Ramsey number $r(G)$ is the minimum $N$ so that every two-coloring of $E(K_N)$ contains a monochromatic copy of $G$. It was conjectured by Conlon, Fox, and Sudakov that if one deletes a single vertex from $G$, the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-17 Yuval Wigderson

The multicolor Ramsey number $r_k(F)$ of a graph $F$ is the least integer $n$ such that in every coloring of the edges of $K_n$ by $k$ colors there is a monochromatic copy of $F$. In this short note we prove an upper bound on $r_k(F)$ for a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-11-26 Kathleen Johst , Yury Person

The following relaxation of proper coloring the square of a graph was recently introduced: for a positive integer $h$, the proper $h$-conflict-free chromatic number of a graph $G$, denoted $\chi_{pcf}^h(G)$, is the minimum $k$ such that $G$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-18 Eun-Kyung Cho , Ilkyoo Choi , Hyemin Kwon , Boram Park

Given a (di)graph $H$, we say that a (di)graph $H^\prime$ is an $H$-subdivision if $H^\prime$ is obtained from $H$ by replacing one or more edges with internally vertex-disjoint path(s). Pavez-Sign\'{e} conjectured that for every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-02 Yangyang Cheng , Zhilan Wang , Jin Yan

Given two graphs $G$ and $H$ with $H\subseteq G$ we consider the anti-Ramsey function $AR(G,H)$ which is the maximum number of colors in any edge-coloring of $G$ so that every copy of $H$ receives the same color on at least one pair of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-11-19 Elliot Krop , Michelle York

For a positive integer $k$, a graph property $\mathcal{H}$, and a graph parameter $\mathcal{P}$, let $\operatorname{ex}_{\mathcal{P}}(n, \mathcal{H}; \delta \geq k)$ denote the maximum value of $\mathcal{P}$ over all $n$-vertex graphs with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-02 Xu Liu , Bo Ning , Tao Wang

We show that, for any graph $F$ and $\eta>0$, there exists a $d_0=d_0(F,\eta)$ such that every $n$-vertex $d$-regular graph with $d \geq d_0$ has a collection of vertex-disjoint $F$-subdivisions covering at least $(1-\eta)n$ vertices. This…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-09 Richard Montgomery , Kalina Petrova , Arjun Ranganathan , Jane Tan

The chromatic threshold delta_chi(H) of a graph H is the infimum of d>0 such that there exists C=C(H,d) for which every H-free graph G with minimum degree at least d|G| satisfies chi(G)<C. We prove that delta_chi(H) \in {(r-3)/(r-2),…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-08-09 Peter Allen , Julia Böttcher , Simon Griffiths , Yoshiharu Kohayakawa , Robert Morris

Given graphs $H$ and $F$ with $\chi(H)<\chi(F)$, we say that $H$ is weakly $F$-Tur\'an-good if among $n$-vertex $F$-free graphs, a $(\chi(F)-1)$-partite graph contains the most copies of $H$. Let $H$ be a bipartite graph that contains a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-02 Dániel Gerbner

Erd\H{o}s, Gallai, and Tuza posed the following problem: given an $n$-vertex graph $G$, let $\tau_1(G)$ denote the smallest size of a set of edges whose deletion makes $G$ triangle-free, and let $\alpha_1(G)$ denote the largest size of a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-26 Gregory J. Puleo

Fix a color-critical graph $H$ with $\chi(H)=r+1\geq 3$. Simonovits' chromatic critical edge theorem and Nikiforov's spectral chromatic critical edge theorem imply that $T_{n,r}$ is the extremal graph with the maximum size and the maximum…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-19 Longfei Fang , Huiqiu Lin

An edge colored graph is said to contain rainbow-$F$ if $F$ is a subgraph and every edge receives a different color. In 2007, Keevash, Mubayi, Sudakov, and Verstra\"ete introduced the \emph{rainbow extremal number} $\mathrm{ex}^*(n,F)$, a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-04 Nicholas Crawford , Dylan King , Sam Spiro

Let $T$ be a tree with $t$ edges. We show that the number of isomorphic (labeled) copies of $T$ in a graph $G = (V,E)$ of minimum degree at least $t$ is at least \[2|E| \prod_{v \in V} (d(v) - t + 1)^{\frac{(t-1)d(v)}{2|E|}}.\]…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-11-24 Dhruv Mubayi , Jacques Verstraete