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We present the analysis of various FPGA design implementations of a Montgomery Modular Multiplier, compatible with the BLS12-381 elliptic curve, using the Coarsely Integrated Operand Scanning approach of working with complete partial…

In order to mitigate the security threat of quantum computers, NIST is undertaking a process to standardize post-quantum cryptosystems, aiming to assess their security and speed up their adoption in production scenarios. Several hardware…

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are composed of various embedded subsystems and require specialized software, firmware, and hardware to coordinate with the rest of the system. These multiple levels of integration expose attack surfaces which…

Single flux quantum (SFQ) circuits are an attractive beyond-CMOS technology because they promise two orders of magnitude lower power at clock frequencies exceeding 25 GHz.However, every SFQ gate is clocked creating very deep gate-level…

Typically, a memory request from a processor may need to go through many intermediate interconnect routers, directory node, owner node, etc before it is finally serviced. Current multiprocessors do not give preference to any particular…

The high memory and computation demand of large language models (LLMs) makes them challenging to be deployed on consumer devices due to limited GPU memory. Offloading can mitigate the memory constraint but often suffers from low GPU…

eBPF is a new technology which allows dynamically loading pieces of code into the Linux kernel. It can greatly speed up networking since it enables the kernel to process certain packets without the involvement of a userspace program. So far…

The application of Transformer-based large models has achieved numerous success in recent years. However, the exponential growth in the parameters of large models introduces formidable memory challenge for edge deployment. Prior works to…

In this paper, we propose a new secure machine learning inference platform assisted by a small dedicated security processor, which will be easier to protect and deploy compared to today's TEEs integrated into high-performance processors.…

OpenCL for FPGA enables developers to design FPGAs using a programming model similar for processors. Recent works have shown that code optimization at the OpenCL level is important to achieve high computational efficiency. However, existing…

MIPS machine code is very structured: registers used before are likely to be used again, some instructions and registers are used more heavily than others, some instructions often follow each other and so on. Standard file compression…

Demand for data-intensive workloads and confidential computing are the prominent research directions shaping the future of cloud computing. Computer architectures are evolving to accommodate the computing of large data better. Protecting…

Many modern workloads such as neural network inference and graph processing are fundamentally memory-bound. For such workloads, data movement between memory and CPU cores imposes a significant overhead in terms of both latency and energy. A…

The increasing complexity and the short life cycles of embedded systems are pushing the current system-on-chip designs towards a rapid increasing on the number of programmable processing units, while decreasing the gate count for custom…

Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) implementations on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) commonly focus on maximizing throughput at the cost of utilizing high volumes of FPGA slice logic. High resource usage limits systems' abilities to…

Diffusion Models (DMs) achieve state-of-the-art synthesis results in image generation and have been applied to various fields. However, DMs sometimes seriously violate user privacy during usage, making the protection of privacy an urgent…

This paper describes an analytical modeling tool called Bitlet that can be used, in a parameterized fashion, to understand the affinity of workloads to processing-in-memory (PIM) as opposed to traditional computing. The tool uncovers…

Low-cost embedded processors such as the ESP32 (Xtensa LX6, 32-bit dual-core, 240 MHz) are increasingly used in edge computing applications that require real-time physical simulation, sensor fusion, and control systems. Although the ESP32…

This paper presents a multithread and efficient cryptographic hardware access (MECHA) for efficient and fast cryptographic operations that eliminates the need for context switching. Utilizing a UNIX domain socket, MECHA manages multiple…

The semiconductor industry is fully globalized and integrated circuits (ICs) are commonly defined, designed and fabricated in different premises across the world. This reduces production costs, but also exposes ICs to supply chain attacks,…