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Related papers: Evidence of Different Formation Mechanisms for Hot…

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We present a correlation between the stellar metallicities and the mutual inclinations of multi-planet systems hosting short-period small planets (a/Rs<12, Rp<4Re). We analyzed 89 multi-planet systems discovered by Kepler, K2, and TESS,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-05 Xinyan Hua , Sharon Xuesong Wang , Dongsheng An , Songhu Wang , Yang Huang , Dichang Chen , Johannes Buchner , Wei Zhu , Fei Dai , Jiwei Xie

A substantial number of super-Earths have been discovered, and atmospheres of transiting super-Earths have also been observed by transmission spectroscopy. Several lines of observational evidence indicate that most super-Earths do not…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-15 Masahiro Ogihara , Yasunori Hori

The sizes of small planets have been known to be bi-modal, with a gap separating planets that have lost their primordial atmospheres (super-Earths), and the ones that retain them (mini-Neptunes). Here, we report evidences for another…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-31 Yansong Qian , Yanqin Wu

Super-Earths, objects slightly larger than Earth and slightly smaller than Uranus, have found a special place in exoplanetary science. As a new class of planetary bodies, these objects have challenged models of planet formation at both ends…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Nader Haghighipour

While giant planet occurrence rates increase with stellar mass, occurrence rates of close-in super-Earths decrease. This is in contradiction to the expectation that the total mass of the planets in a system scale with the protoplanetary…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-30 David Vallet , Anna C. Childs , Rebecca G. Martin , Mario Livio , Stephen Lepp

The probability that a Sun-like star has a close-orbiting giant planet (period < 1 year) increases with stellar metallicity. Previous work provided evidence that the period distribution of close-orbiting giant planets is also linked to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-07 Samuel W. Yee , Joshua N. Winn

The extrasolar planets (EPs) so far detected are very different to the planets in our own Solar System. Many of them have Jupiter-like masses and close-in orbits (the so-called hot planets, HPs), with orbital periods of only a few days. In…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 S. Marchi , S. Ortolani , M. Nagasawa , S. Ida

From wispy gas giants on the verge of disruption to tiny rocky bodies already falling apart, short-period exoplanets pose a severe puzzle to theories of planet formation and orbital evolution. By far most of the planets known beyond the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-03-29 Brian Jackson , Elisabeth Adams , René Heller , Michael Endl

Protoplanetary disks are thought to be truncated at orbital periods of around 10 days. Therefore, origin of rocky short period planets with $P < 10$ days is a puzzle. We propose that many of these planets may form through the Type-I…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-17 Daniel Carrera , Eric B. Ford , Andre Izidoro

Most of our current understanding of the planet formation mechanism is based on the planet metallicity correlation derived mostly from solar-type stars harbouring gas-giant planets. To achieve a far more reaching grasp on the substellar…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-17 J. Maldonado , E. Villaver , C. Eiroa , G. Micela

For the origin of the radially concentrated solar system's terrestrial planets, planet formation from a ring of solids at about 1 au from the Sun with convergent/suppressed type I migration is preferred. On the other hand, many super-Earths…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-23 Masahiro Ogihara , Alessandro Morbidelli , Masanobu Kunitomo

There is growing evidence that the population of close-in planets discovered by the Kepler mission was sculpted by atmospheric loss, though the typical timescale for this evolution is not well-constrained. Among a highly complete sample of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-05 Angeli Sandoval , Gabriella Contardo , Trevor J. David

While it is well established that giant-planet occurrence rises rapidly with host star metallicity, it is not yet clear if small-planet occurrence around late-type dwarf stars depends on host star metallicity. Using the Kepler Data Release…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-18 Cicero X. Lu , Kevin C. Schlaufman , Sihao Cheng

The majority of the transiting planets discovered by the Kepler mission (called super-Earths here, includes the so-called 'sub-Neptunes') orbit close to their stars. As such, photoevaporation of their hydrogen envelopes etch sharp features…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-03 Yanqin Wu

The giant planet-metallicity correlation revealed that planetary formation depends on the stellar properties. There is growing evidence that it is also valid for smaller hot planets, but it is not clear whether elements other than iron also…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-20 Luan Ghezzi , Ellen Costa-Almeida , Verónica Loaiza-Tacuri , Katia Cunha

Using data from the California-Kepler-Survey (CKS) we study trends in planetary properties with host star metallicity for close-in planets. By incorporating knowledge of the properties of the planetary radius gap identified by the CKS…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-01 James E. Owen , Ruth Murray-Clay

At least 30\% of main sequence stars host planets with sizes of between 1 and 4 Earth radii and orbital periods of less than 100 days. We use N-body simulations including a model for gas-assisted pebble accretion and disk--planet tidal…

Planet formation is expected to be severely limited in disks of low metallicity, owing to both the small solid mass reservoir and the low opacity accelerating the disk gas dissipation. While previous studies have found a weak correlation…

Correlations between the inner small planets and cold giants encodes the formation and evolution of planetary systems. It remains unclear if the correlation differs on the two sides of the radius valley. In this work, we compute the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-12 Di-Chang Chen , Fei Dai , Bo Ma , Shang-Fei Liu , Cong Yu

Discovery of only handful of exoplanets required to establish a correlation between giant planet occurrence and metallicity of their host stars. More than 20 years have already passed from that discovery, however, many questions are still…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-03-19 Vardan Adibekyan