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Primordial Black Holes~(PBHs) are hypothetical black holes with a wide range of masses that formed in the early universe. As a result, they may play an important cosmological role and provide a unique probe of the early universe. A PBH with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-04 Zhen Cao , F. Aharonian , Y. X. Bai , Y. W. Bao , D. Bastieri , X. J. Bi , Y. J. Bi , W. Bian , A. V. Bukevich , C. M. Cai , W. Y. Cao , Zhe Cao , J. Chang , J. F. Chang , A. M. Chen , E. S. Chen , G. H. Chen , H. X. Chen , Liang Chen , Long Chen , M. J. Chen , M. L. Chen , Q. H. Chen , S. Chen , S. H. Chen , S. Z. Chen , T. L. Chen , X. B. Chen , X. J. Chen , Y. Chen , N. Cheng , Y. D. Cheng , M. C. Chu , M. Y. Cui , S. W. Cui , X. H. Cui , Y. D. Cui , B. Z. Dai , H. L. Dai , Z. G. Dai , Danzengluobu , Y. X. Diao , X. Q. Dong , K. K. Duan , J. H. Fan , Y. Z. Fan , J. Fang , J. H. Fang , K. Fang , C. F. Feng , H. Feng , L. Feng , S. H. Feng , X. T. Feng , Y. Feng , Y. L. Feng , S. Gabici , B. Gao , C. D. Gao , Q. Gao , W. Gao , W. K. Gao , M. M. Ge , T. T. Ge , L. S. Geng , G. Giacinti , G. H. Gong , Q. B. Gou , M. H. Gu , F. L. Guo , J. Guo , X. L. Guo , Y. Q. Guo , Y. Y. Guo , Y. A. Han , O. A. Hannuksela , M. Hasan , H. H. He , H. N. He , J. Y. He , X. Y. He , Y. He , S. Hernández-Cadena , B. W. Hou , C. Hou , X. Hou , H. B. Hu , S. C. Hu , C. Huang , D. H. Huang , J. J. Huang , T. Q. Huang , W. J. Huang , X. T. Huang , X. Y. Huang , Y. Huang , Y. Y. Huang , X. L. Ji , H. Y. Jia , K. Jia , H. B. Jiang , K. Jiang , X. W. Jiang , Z. J. Jiang , M. Jin , S. Kaci , M. M. Kang , I. Karpikov , D. Khangulyan , D. Kuleshov , K. Kurinov , B. B. Li , Cheng Li , Cong Li , D. Li , F. Li , H. B. Li , H. C. Li , Jian Li , Jie Li , K. Li , L. Li , R. L. Li , S. D. Li , T. Y. Li , W. L. Li , X. R. Li , Xin Li , Y. Li , Y. Z. Li , Zhe Li , Zhuo Li , E. W. Liang , Y. F. Liang , S. J. Lin , B. Liu , C. Liu , D. Liu , D. B. Liu , H. Liu , H. D. Liu , J. Liu , J. L. Liu , J. R. Liu , M. Y. Liu , R. Y. Liu , S. M. Liu , W. Liu , X. Liu , Y. Liu , Y. Liu , Y. N. Liu , Y. Q. Lou , Q. Luo , Y. Luo , H. K. Lv , B. Q. Ma , L. L. Ma , X. H. Ma , J. R. Mao , Z. Min , W. Mitthumsiri , G. B. Mou , H. J. Mu , A. Neronov , K. C. Y. Ng , M. Y. Ni , L. Nie , L. J. Ou , P. Pattarakijwanich , Z. Y. Pei , J. C. Qi , M. Y. Qi , J. J. Qin , A. Raza , C. Y. Ren , D. Ruffolo , A. Sáiz , D. Semikoz , L. Shao , O. Shchegolev , Y. Z. Shen , X. D. Sheng , Z. D. Shi , F. W. Shu , H. C. Song , Yu. V. Stenkin , V. Stepanov , Y. Su , D. X. Sun , H. Sun , Q. N. Sun , X. N. Sun , Z. B. Sun , N. H. Tabasam , J. Takata , P. H. T. Tam , H. B. Tan , Q. W. Tang , R. Tang , Z. B. Tang , W. W. Tian , C. N. Tong , L. H. Wan , C. Wang , G. W. Wang , H. G. Wang , J. C. Wang , K. Wang , Kai Wang , Kai Wang , L. P. Wang , L. Y. Wang , L. Y. Wang , R. Wang , W. Wang , X. G. Wang , X. J. Wang , X. Y. Wang , Y. Wang , Y. D. Wang , Z. H. Wang , Z. X. Wang , Zheng Wang , D. M. Wei , J. J. Wei , Y. J. Wei , T. Wen , S. S. Weng , C. Y. Wu , H. R. Wu , Q. W. Wu , S. Wu , X. F. Wu , Y. S. Wu , S. Q. Xi , J. Xia , J. J. Xia , G. M. Xiang , D. X. Xiao , G. Xiao , Y. L. Xin , Y. Xing , D. R. Xiong , Z. Xiong , D. L. Xu , R. F. Xu , R. X. Xu , W. L. Xu , L. Xue , D. H. Yan , T. Yan , C. W. Yang , C. Y. Yang , F. F. Yang , L. L. Yang , M. J. Yang , R. Z. Yang , W. X. Yang , Z. H. Yang , Z. G. Yao , X. A. Ye , L. Q. Yin , N. Yin , X. H. You , Z. Y. You , Q. Yuan , H. Yue , H. D. Zeng , T. X. Zeng , W. Zeng , X. T. Zeng , M. Zha , B. B. Zhang , B. T. Zhang , C. Zhang , F. Zhang , H. Zhang , H. M. Zhang , H. Y. Zhang , J. L. Zhang , Li Zhang , P. F. Zhang , P. P. Zhang , R. Zhang , S. R. Zhang , S. S. Zhang , W. Y. Zhang , X. Zhang , X. P. Zhang , Yi Zhang , Yong Zhang , Z. P. Zhang , J. Zhao , L. Zhao , L. Z. Zhao , S. P. Zhao , X. H. Zhao , Z. H. Zhao , F. Zheng , W. J. Zhong , B. Zhou , H. Zhou , J. N. Zhou , M. Zhou , P. Zhou , R. Zhou , X. X. Zhou , X. X. Zhou , B. Y. Zhu , C. G. Zhu , F. R. Zhu , H. Zhu , K. J. Zhu , Y. C. Zou , X. Zuo , S. Wang , Xin Zhang

Ultracompact primordial black hole binaries with masses > 10^{16} g are considered. If PBHB's contribute significant part of the dark matter of the Galaxy one can expect an existence of high-frequent non-thermal diffuse gravitational…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-25 J. N. Abdurashitov , V. E. Yants , C. V. Parfenov

Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) are hypothetical black holes predicted to have been formed from density fluctuations in the early Universe. PBHs with an initial mass around $10^{14}-10^{15}$g are expected to end their evaporation at present…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-05-10 H. E. S. S. collaboration , : , F. Aharonian , F. Ait Benkhali , J. Aschersleben , M. Boettcher , M. Backes , V. Barbosa Martins , R. Batzo , Y. Becherini , D. Berge , B. Bi , C. Boisson , J. Bolmont , M. de Bony de Lavergne , J. Borowska , F. Bradascio , R. Brose , F. Brun , B. Bruno , T. Bulik , C. Burger-Scheidlin , S. Caro , S. Casanova , J. Celic , M. Cerruti , T. Chand , A. Chen , O. Chibueze , G. Cotter , J. Damascene Mbarubucyeye , A. Djannati-Atai , K. Egberts , C. van Eldik , J. -P. Ernenwein , M. Fussling , A. Fiasson , G. Fichet de Clairfontaine , G. Fontaine , S. Gabici , S. Ghafourizadeh , G. Giavitto , D. Glawion , J. F. Glicenstein , G. Grolleron , M. -H. Grondin , L. Haerer , M. Haupt , J. A. Hinton , W. Hofmann , M. Holler , D. Horns , Zhiqiu Huang , M. Jamrozy , F. Jankowsky , V. Joshi , I. Jung-Richardt , E. Kasai , K. Katarzynski , B. Khelifi , S. Klepser , W. Kluzniak , Nu. Komin , K. Kosack , D. Kostunin , T. L. Holch , R. G. Lang , S. Le Stum , F. Leitl , A. Lemiere , J. -P. Lenain , F. Leuschner , T. Lohse , A. Luashvili , I. Lypova , J. Mackey , D. Malyshev , V. Marandon , P. Marchegiani , P. Marinos , G. Marti-Devesa , R. Marx , A. Mitchell , R. Moderski , L. Mohrmann , A. Montanari , E. Moulin , J. Muller , K. Nakashima , M. de Naurois , J. Niemiec , P. O'Brien , S. Ohm , L. Olivera-Nieto , E. de Ona Wilhelmi , M. Ostrowski , G. Puehlhofer , S. Panny , M. Panter , R. D. Parsons , G. Peron , A. Priyana Noel , D. A. Prokhorov , H. Prokoph , M. Punch , A. Quirrenbach , P. Reichherzer , O. Reimer , F. Rieger , G. Rowell , B. Rudak , H. Rueda Ricarte , V. Sahakian , H. Salzmann , D. A. Sanchez , A. Santangelo , M. Sasaki , H. M. Schutte , U. Schwanke , J. N. S. Shapopi , H. Sol , A. Specovius , S. Spencer , L. Stawarz , R. Steenkamp , S. Steinmassl , C. Steppa , I. Sushch , H. Suzuki , T. Takahashi , T. Tanaka , T. Tavernier , C. Thorpe-Morgan , N. Tsuji , Y. Uchiyama , M. Vecchi , J. Veh , C. Venter , J. Vink , S. J. Wagner , R. White , A. Wierzcholska , Yu Wun Wong , M. Zacharias , D. Zargaryan , A. A. Zdziarski , A. Zech , S. Zouari , N. Zywucka

We review numerous arguments for primordial black holes (PBHs) based on observational evidence from a variety of lensing, dynamical, accretion and gravitational-wave effects. This represents a shift from the usual emphasis on PBH…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-06 Bernard Carr , Sebastien Clesse , Juan Garcia-Bellido , Michael Hawkins , Florian Kuhnel

Dark Matter (DM) is omnipresent in our universe. Despite its abundance, the microscopic identity of DM still remains a mystery. Primordial black holes (PBHs), possibly formed via gravitational collapse of large density perturbations in the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-10-11 Anupam Ray

Black holes with masses below approximately $10^{15}$ g are expected to emit gamma rays with energies above a few tens of MeV, which can be detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). Although black holes with these masses cannot be…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-02-02 LAT Collaboration

Primordial Black Holes (PBHs), which may have been created in the early Universe, are predicted to be detectable by their Hawking radiation. PBHs with an initial mass of 5.0 * 10^14 g should be expiring today with a burst of high energy…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2010-03-29 T. N. Ukwatta , J. H. MacGibbon , W. C. Parke , K. S. Dhuga , A. Eskandarian , N. Gehrels , L. Maximon , D. C. Morris

There has recently been renewed interest in the possibility that the dark matter in the universe consists of primordial black holes (PBHs). Current observational constraints leave only a few PBH mass ranges for this possibility. One of them…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-06-05 N. Bartolo , V. De Luca , G. Franciolini , A. Lewis , M. Peloso , A. Riotto

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are theoretical black holes which may be formed during the radiation dominant era and, basically, caused by the gravitational collapse of radiational overdensities. It has been well known that in the context of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-26 Yuichiro Tada , Shuichiro Yokoyama

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are significant sources of axions and axion-like particles (ALPs), provided their Hawking temperature exceeds the particles' masses. Given the predominant decay of axions into photons, the enhanced photon…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-03-04 Yongsoo Jho , Tae-Geun Kim , Jong-Chul Park , Seong Chan Park , Yeji Park

Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) are remnants of objects formed in the early Universe. Their lifetime is an increasing function of their mass, so PBHs in the right mass range can end their lives in an evaporation event that is potentially…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-08-25 R. López-Coto , M. Doro , A. de Angelis , M. Mariotti , J. P. Harding

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are a fascinating candidate for being the dark matter, albeit one which has been heavily constrained. This review presents an in depth look at those observational constraints, particularly at their nuances and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-31 Marc Oncins

Primordial black holes (PBHs), hypothesized to form in the early universe from gravitational collapse of density fluctuations, represent a well-motivated dark matter (DM) candidate. Their potential detection through gamma-ray signatures…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-07-23 C. J. Ouseph , Giorgio Busoni , John Gargalionis , Sin Kyu Kang , Anthony G. Williams

Primordial black holes (PBHs), formed out of large overdensities in the early Universe, are a viable dark matter (DM) candidate over a broad range of masses. Ultra-light, asteroid-mass PBHs with masses around $10^{17}$ g are particularly…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-16 Anupam Ray , Ranjan Laha , Julian B. Muñoz , Regina Caputo

Recent developments in the study of primordial black holes (PBHs) will be reviewed, with particular emphasis on their formation and evaporation. PBHs could provide a unique probe of the early Universe, gravitational collapse, high energy…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 B. J. Carr

Primordial black holes (PBHs), more generally, BHs, undergo evaporation and, in principle, will end their lives in bursts of very high-energy gamma rays. The notable aspect of the PBHs with an initial mass of $\sim10^{14}$ g is that they…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-10-28 Chen Yang , Sai Wang , Meng-Lin Zhao , Xin Zhang

Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) with a mass $M \lesssim {10^{17}}$g are expected to inject sub-GeV electrons and positrons in the Galaxy via Hawking radiation. These cosmic rays are shielded by the solar magnetic field for Earth-bound…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-02-06 Mathieu Boudaud , Marco Cirelli

Ultralight primordial black holes (PBHs) with masses $\lesssim 10^{15}$g and subatomic Schwarzschild radii, produced in the early Universe, are expected to have evaporated by the current cosmic age due to Hawking radiation. Based on this…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-05 Shasvath J. Kapadia , Kanhaiya Lal Pandey , Teruaki Suyama , Parameswaran Ajith

Primordial black holes (PBHs) can form from gravitational collapse of large overdensities in the early Universe, giving rise to rich phenomena in astrophysics and cosmology. We develop a novel, general, and systematic method based on theory…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-09 Shi Pi , Misao Sasaki , Volodymyr Takhistov , Jianing Wang

We consider the signatures of a population of primordial black holes (PBHs) in future observations of 21cm radiation from neutral hydrogen at high redshift. We focus on PBHs in the mass range $5 \times 10^{10} kg \lesssim M_{PBH} \lesssim…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-09-03 Katherine J. Mack , Daniel H. Wesley