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The cost and scarcity of fully supervised labels in statistical machine learning encourage using partially labeled data for model validation as a cheaper and more accessible alternative. Effectively collecting and leveraging weakly…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-16 Maxime Cauchois , John Duchi

The lack of labeled data is a common challenge in speech classification tasks, particularly those requiring extensive subjective assessment, such as cognitive state classification. In this work, we propose a Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL)…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-01 Yuanchao Li , Zixing Zhang , Jing Han , Peter Bell , Catherine Lai

Semi-supervised learning, i.e. jointly learning from labeled and unlabeled samples, is an active research topic due to its key role on relaxing human supervision. In the context of image classification, recent advances to learn from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Eric Arazo , Diego Ortego , Paul Albert , Noel E. O'Connor , Kevin McGuinness

Intent classification (IC) and slot filling (SF) are two fundamental tasks in modern Natural Language Understanding (NLU) systems. Collecting and annotating large amounts of data to train deep learning models for such systems is not…

Pseudo supervision is regarded as the core idea in semi-supervised learning for semantic segmentation, and there is always a tradeoff between utilizing only the high-quality pseudo labels and leveraging all the pseudo labels. Addressing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Siqi Fan , Fenghua Zhu , Zunlei Feng , Yisheng Lv , Mingli Song , Fei-Yue Wang

Recent work has compared neural network representations via similarity-based analyses to improve model interpretation. The quality of a similarity measure is typically evaluated by its success in assigning a high score to representations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Adir Rahamim , Yonatan Belinkov

Pseudo-label-based semi-supervised learning (SSL) has achieved great success on raw data utilization. However, its training procedure suffers from confirmation bias due to the noise contained in self-generated artificial labels. Moreover,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Fan Yang , Kai Wu , Shuyi Zhang , Guannan Jiang , Yong Liu , Feng Zheng , Wei Zhang , Chengjie Wang , Long Zeng

In this paper we revisit the idea of pseudo-labeling in the context of semi-supervised learning where a learning algorithm has access to a small set of labeled samples and a large set of unlabeled samples. Pseudo-labeling works by applying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Paola Cascante-Bonilla , Fuwen Tan , Yanjun Qi , Vicente Ordonez

Contrastive learning is a well-established paradigm in representation learning. The standard framework of contrastive learning minimizes the distance between "similar" instances and maximizes the distance between dissimilar ones in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Naghmeh Ghanooni , Barbod Pajoum , Harshit Rawal , Sophie Fellenz , Vo Nguyen Le Duy , Marius Kloft

Knowing the link between observed predictive variables and outcomes is crucial for making inference in any regression model. When this link is missing, partially or completely, classical estimation methods fail in recovering the true…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-28 Fadoua Balabdaoui , Jinyu Chen

Assessing the blurriness of an object image is fundamentally important to improve the performance for object recognition and retrieval. The main challenge lies in the lack of abundant images with reliable labels and effective learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Qiang Li , Zhaoliang Yao , Jingjing Wang , Ye Tian , Pengju Yang , Di Xie , Shiliang Pu

Contrastive representation learning has gained much attention due to its superior performance in learning representations from both image and sequential data. However, the learned representations could potentially lead to performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Jianfeng Chi , William Shand , Yaodong Yu , Kai-Wei Chang , Han Zhao , Yuan Tian

Existing semi-supervised learning algorithms adopt pseudo-labeling and consistency regulation techniques to introduce supervision signals for unlabeled samples. To overcome the inherent limitation of threshold-based pseudo-labeling, prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Zhiyu Wu , Jinshi Cui

This paper proposes a probabilistic contrastive loss function for self-supervised learning. The well-known contrastive loss is deterministic and involves a temperature hyperparameter that scales the inner product between two normed feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-06 Shen Li , Jianqing Xu , Bryan Hooi

We present a contrasting learning approach with data augmentation techniques to learn document representations in an unsupervised manner. Inspired by recent contrastive self-supervised learning algorithms used for image and NLP pretraining,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-29 Dongsheng Luo , Wei Cheng , Jingchao Ni , Wenchao Yu , Xuchao Zhang , Bo Zong , Yanchi Liu , Zhengzhang Chen , Dongjin Song , Haifeng Chen , Xiang Zhang

We consider generalized linear regression analysis with left-censored covariate due to the lower limit of detection. Complete case analysis by eliminating observations with values below limit of detection yields valid estimates for…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-12-09 Shengchun Kong , Bin Nan

In semi-supervised classification, one is given access both to labeled and unlabeled data. As unlabeled data is typically cheaper to acquire than labeled data, this setup becomes advantageous as soon as one can exploit the unlabeled data in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-10 Christina Göpfert , Shai Ben-David , Olivier Bousquet , Sylvain Gelly , Ilya Tolstikhin , Ruth Urner

A significant limitation of one-class classification anomaly detection methods is their reliance on the assumption that unlabeled training data only contains normal instances. To overcome this impractical assumption, we propose two novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Le Thi Khanh Hien , Sukanya Patra , Souhaib Ben Taieb

Pseudo-Labeling is a simple and effective approach to semi-supervised learning. It requires criteria that guide the selection of pseudo-labeled data. The latter have been shown to crucially affect pseudo-labeling's generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Julian Rodemann

In many real-world scenarios, obtaining large amounts of labeled data can be a daunting task. Weakly supervised learning techniques have gained significant attention in recent years as an alternative to traditional supervised learning, as…