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This paper introduces VeriThoughts, a novel dataset designed for reasoning-based Verilog code generation. We establish a new benchmark framework grounded in formal verification methods to evaluate the quality and correctness of generated…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Patrick Yubeaton , Andre Nakkab , Weihua Xiao , Luca Collini , Ramesh Karri , Chinmay Hegde , Siddharth Garg

Verifying the security of masked hardware and software implementations, under advanced leakage models, remains a significant challenge, especially then accounting for glitches, transitions and CPU micro-architectural specifics. Existing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Noé Amiot , Quentin L. Meunier , Karine Heydemann , Emmanuelle Encrenaz

Accurate hardware performance models are critical to efficient code generation. They can be used by compilers to make heuristic decisions, by superoptimizers as a minimization objective, or by autotuners to find an optimal configuration for…

The Global Event Processor (GEP) FPGA is an area-constrained, performance-critical element of the Large Hadron Collider's (LHC) ATLAS experiment. It needs to very quickly determine which small fraction of detected events should be retained…

Understanding data visualizations like charts and plots requires reasoning about both visual elements and numerics. Although strong in extractive questions, current chart visual question answering (chart VQA) models suffer on complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Zhuowan Li , Bhavan Jasani , Peng Tang , Shabnam Ghadar

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown significant potential for automating hardware description language (HDL) code generation from high-level natural language instructions. While fine-tuning has improved LLMs'…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Yi Liu , Changran Xu , Yunhao Zhou , Zeju Li , Qiang Xu

In this paper, we present an efficient formal approach to check the equivalence of synthesized RTL against the high-level specification in the presence of pipelining transformations. To increase the scalability of our proposed method, we…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-12-29 Payman Behnam , Bijan Alizadeh , Sajjad Taheri

Synthetic verification techniques such as generating test cases and reward modelling are common ways to enhance the coding capabilities of large language models (LLM) beyond predefined tests. Additionally, code verification has recently…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Aleksander Ficek , Somshubra Majumdar , Vahid Noroozi , Boris Ginsburg

Although digital fabrication processes at the desktop scale have become proficient and prolific, systems aimed at producing larger-scale structures are still typically complex, expensive, and unreliable. In this work, we present an approach…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Miana Smith , Paul Arthur Richard , Alexander Htet Kyaw , Neil Gershenfeld

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly popular for generating RTL code. However, producing error-free RTL code in a zero-shot setting remains highly challenging for even state-of-the-art LLMs, often leading to issues that…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Mubashir ul Islam , Humza Sami , Pierre-Emmanuel Gaillardon , Valerio Tenace

Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are widely used in modern hardware design, yet writing Hardware Description Language (HDL) code for FPGA implementation remains a complex and time-consuming task. Large Language Models (LLMs) have…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Ce Guo , Tong Zhao

In this paper we focus on the integration of high-performance numerical libraries in ab initio codes and the portability of performance and scalability. The target of our work is FLEUR, a software for electronic structure calculations…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2016-11-03 Diego Fabregat-Traver , Davor Davidović , Markus Höhnerbach , Edoardo Di Napoli

Recently, there has been a surging interest in using large language models (LLMs) for Verilog code generation. However, the existing approaches are limited in terms of the quality of the generated Verilog code. To address such limitations,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Bardia Nadimi , Hao Zheng

The simulation of a physical system in a virtual replica, known as a digital twin, is a useful way to interrogate the system non-invasively, providing the ability to perform predictive maintenance and surveillance, and to investigate…

Synthetic Data Generation (SDG), leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs), has recently been recognized and broadly adopted as an effective approach to improve the performance of smaller but more resource and compute efficient LLMs through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Srideepika Jayaraman , Achille Fokoue , Dhaval Patel , Jayant Kalagnanam

Tuning numerical libraries has become more difficult over time, as systems get more sophisticated. In particular, modern multicore machines make the behaviour of algorithms hard to forecast and model. In this paper, we tackle the issue of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2011-02-28 Emmanuel Agullo , Jack Dongarra , Rajib Nath , Stanimire Tomov

Heterogeneous embedded systems, with diverse computing elements and accelerators such as FPGAs, offer a promising platform for fast and flexible ML inference, which is crucial for services such as autonomous driving and augmented reality,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Alexandros Patras , Spyros Lalis , Christos D. Antonopoulos , Nikolaos Bellas

Recent advances in large language models have demonstrated their potential for automated generation of hardware description language (HDL) code from high-level prompts. Researchers have utilized fine-tuning to enhance the ability of these…

The past few years have seen a surge of applying Deep Learning (DL) models for a wide array of tasks such as image classification, object detection, machine translation, etc. While DL models provide an opportunity to solve otherwise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Cheng Li , Abdul Dakkak , Jinjun Xiong , Wen-mei Hwu

There is a recent trend in artificial intelligence (AI) inference towards lower precision data formats down to 8 bits and less. As multiplication is the most complex operation in typical inference tasks, there is a large demand for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Andreas Böttcher , Martin Kumm