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The rapid updates in error-resilient applications along with their quest for high throughput have motivated designing fast approximate functional units for Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Studies that proposed imprecise functional…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Zahra Ebrahimi , Muhammad Zaid , Mark Wijtvliet , Akash Kumar

The automatic generation of Verilog code using Large Language Models (LLMs) has garnered significant interest in hardware design automation. However, existing benchmarks for evaluating LLMs in Verilog generation fall short in replicating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Pengwei Jin , Di Huang , Chongxiao Li , Shuyao Cheng , Yang Zhao , Xinyao Zheng , Jiaguo Zhu , Shuyi Xing , Bohan Dou , Rui Zhang , Zidong Du , Qi Guo , Xing Hu

A novel FPGA based online tracking algorithm for helix track reconstruction in a solenoidal field, developed for the PANDA spectrometer, is described. Employing the Straw Tube Tracker detector with 4636 straw tubes, the algorithm includes a…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-08-02 Yutie Liang , Hua Ye , Martin J Galuska , Thomas Gessler , Wolfgang Kühn , Jens Sören Lange , Milan N Wagner , Zhen'an Liu , Jingzhou Zhao

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) rely heavily on intensive matrix multiplications for attention and feed-forward layers, with the Q, K, and V linear projections in the Multi-Head Self-Attention (MHA) module constituting a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Richie Li , Sicheng Chen

Adopting FPGA as an accelerator in datacenters is becoming mainstream for customized computing, but the fact that FPGAs are hard to program creates a steep learning curve for software programmers. Even with the help of high-level synthesis…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Atefeh Sohrabizadeh , Cody Hao Yu , Min Gao , Jason Cong

FPGAs provide highly parallel and customizable hardware solutions but are traditionally programmed using low-level Hardware Description Languages (HDLs) like VHDL and Verilog. These languages have a low level of abstraction and require…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Hendrik Folmer

Hardware generation languages (HGLs) increase hardware design productivity by creating parameterized modules and test benches. Unfortunately, existing tools are not widely adopted due to several demerits, including limited support for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Jintao Sun , Zeke Wang , Tao Lu , Wenzhi Chen

This paper proposes a novel maximum-likelihood (ML) soft-decision decoding framework for linear block codes, termed error-building decoding (EBD). The complete decoding process can be performed using only the parity-check matrix, without…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Guoda Qiu , Ling Liu , Yuejun Wei , Liping Li

Edge computing is emerging as a new paradigm to allow processing data near the edge of the network, where the data is typically generated and collected. This enables critical computations at the edge in applications such as Internet of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-09-30 Rawad Bitar , Yuxuan Xing , Yasaman Keshtkarjahromi , Venkat Dasari , Salim El Rouayheb , Hulya Seferoglu

SIMD vectorization has lately become a key challenge in high-performance computing. However, hand-written explicitly vectorized code often poses a threat to the software's sustainability. In this publication we solve this sustainability and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-12-20 Dominic Kempf , René Heß , Steffen Müthing , Peter Bastian

Test generation has been a critical and labor-intensive process in hardware design verification. Recently, the emergence of Large Language Model (LLM) with their advanced understanding and inference capabilities, has introduced a novel…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Ruiyang Ma , Yuxin Yang , Ziqian Liu , Jiaxi Zhang , Min Li , Junhua Huang , Guojie Luo

With the unprecedented advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), their application domains have expanded to include code generation tasks across various programming languages. While significant progress has been made in enhancing LLMs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Prashanth Vijayaraghavan , Luyao Shi , Stefano Ambrogio , Charles Mackin , Apoorva Nitsure , David Beymer , Ehsan Degan

Automatic code generation is frequently used to create implementations of algorithms specifically tuned to particular hardware and application parameters. The code generation process involves the selection of adequate code transformations,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Dominik Ernst , Markus Holzer , Georg Hager , Matthias Knorr , Gerhard Wellein

The number of Digital Signal Processor (DSP) resources available in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) is often quite limited. Therefore, full utilization of available DSP resources for the computationally intensive parts of an…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Jan Sommer , M. Akif Özkan , Oliver Keszocze , Jürgen Teich

Logic synthesis is a crucial phase in the circuit design process, responsible for transforming hardware description language (HDL) designs into optimized netlists. However, traditional logic synthesis methods are computationally intensive,…

The increasing complexity and scale of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) necessitate specialized tensor accelerators, such as Tensor Processing Units (TPUs), to meet various computational and energy efficiency requirements. Nevertheless,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Deepak Vungarala , Mohammed E. Elbtity , Sumiya Syed , Sakila Alam , Kartik Pandit , Arnob Ghosh , Ramtin Zand , Shaahin Angizi

In this study, we investigate the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) for the interactive and automated production of customs circuit layouts described in natural language. Our proposed layout automation process leverages a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Geunyoung You , Youjin Byun , Sojin Lim , Jaeduk Han

A multiply-accumulate (MAC) operation is the main computation unit for DSP applications. DSP blocks are one of the efficient solutions to implement MACs in FPGA's. However, since the DSP blocks have wide multiplier and adder blocks, MAC…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Ercan Kalali , Rene van Leuken

In recent years, there has been a surging demand for edge computing of image processing and machine learning workloads. This has reignited interest in the development of custom hardware accelerators that can deliver enhanced performance and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Kingshuk Majumder , Uday Bondhugula

Digital hardware is verified by comparing its behavior against a reference model on a range of randomly generated input signals. The random generation of the inputs hopes to achieve sufficient coverage of the different parts of the design.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Aebel Joe Shibu , Sadhana S , Shilpa N , Pratyush Kumar