Related papers: Mass Action and Conservation of Current

Conservation of current and conservation of charge are nearly the same thing: when enough is known about charge movement, conservation of current can be derived from conservation of charge, in ideal dielectrics, for example. Conservation of…

Biochemists know that the law of mass action is not exact and not very useful because we cannot transfer it (with unchanged parameters) from one condition to another. I argue that exact equations require calibrated multiscale analysis to…

Charges are everywhere because most atoms are charged. Chemical bonds are formed by electrons with their charge. Charges move and interact according to Maxwell's equations in space and in atoms where the equations of electrodynamics are…

We extend the energetic variational approach so it can be applied to a chemical reaction system with general mass action kinetics. Our approach starts with an energy-dissipation law. We show that the chemical equilibrium is determined by…

In its general definition, the law of mass action posits that, in systems where multiple elements move randomly, the rate by which they physically interact is proportional to the product of their densities. This law predicts the rate of…

A general set of fluid equations that allow for energy-conserving momentum transport by gyroscopic motion of fluid elements is obtained. The equations are produced by a class of action principles that yield a large subset of the known fluid…

Electricity plays a special role in our lives and life. Equations of electron dynamics are nearly exact and apply from nuclear particles to stars. These Maxwell equations include a special term the displacement current (of vacuum).…

The conditions of existence of extra mass flux in single component dissipative non-relativistic fluids are clarified. By considering Galilean invariance we show that if total mass flux is equal to total momentum density, then mass,…

Persistence and permanence are properties of dynamical systems that describe the long-term behavior of the solutions, and in particular specify whether positive solutions approach the boundary of the positive orthant. Mass-action systems…

The classical mass action law in chemical kinetics is put into the context of multiscale thermodynamics.Despite the purely dissipative character of the classical mass action law, inertial effects also play a role in chemical kinetics.…

We show that the definition of an energy current for non-relativistic systems with action-at-a-distance is possible if the interaction respects Gausses law, i.e. if it is Coulomb-like. The energy current can transport kinetic and mass…

We analyze a category of problems that is of interest in many physical situations, including those encountered in introductory physics classes: systems with two well-delineated parts that exchange energy, eventually reaching a shared…

Though sufficient for local conservation of charge, we show that Maxwells displacement current is not necessary. An alternative to the Ampere Maxwell equation is exhibited and the alternative s electric and magnetic fields and scalar and…

Waves are propagating disturbances that redistribute energy across space. Previous studies have shown that for waves propagating through an inhomogeneously moving mean flow, the conserved quantity is wave action rather than wave energy,…

In spirit of the principle of least action, which means that when a perturbation is applied to a physical system its reaction is such that it modifies its state to "agree" with the perturbation by "minimal" change of its initial state. In…

The classical approaches to the derivation of the (generalized) Mass Action Law (MAL) assume that the intermediate transition state (i) has short life time and (ii) is in partial equilibrium with the initial reagents of the elementary…

Conservation principles are essential to describe and quantify dynamical processes in all areas of physics. Classically, a conservation law holds because the description of reality can be considered independent of an observation…

Though sufficient for local conservation of charge, Maxwells displacement current is not necessary. An alternative to the Ampere-Maxwell equation is exhibited and the alternatives electric and magnetic fields and scalar and vector…

Living systems are forced away from thermodynamic equilibrium by exchange of mass and energy with their environment. In order to model a biochemical reaction network in a non-equilibrium state one requires a mathematical formulation to…

Using the fact that extremum of variation of generalized action can lead to the fractional dynamics in the case of systems with long-range interaction and long-term memory function, we consider two different applications of the action…