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The Fermi Bubbles are enigmatic \gamma-ray features of the Galactic bulge. Both putative activity (within $\sim$ few $\times$ Myr) connected to the Galactic center super-massive black hole and, alternatively, nuclear star formation have…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-18 Roland M. Crocker , Geoffrey V. Bicknell , Ettore Carretti , Alex S. Hill , Ralph S. Sutherland

The enigma of cosmic ray origin and propagation stands as a key question in particle astrophysics. The precise spatial and spectral measurements of diffuse Galactic gamma-ray emission provide new avenues for unraveling this mystery. Based…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-01 Qi-Ling Chen , Qiang Yuan , Yi-Qing Guo , Ming-Ming Kang , Chao-Wen Yang

Gamma-ray emission produced by interactions between cosmic rays (CRs) and interstellar gas traces the product of their densities throughout the Milky Way. The outer Galaxy is a privileged target of investigation to separate interstellar…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-13 Luigi Tibaldo , Isabelle A. Grenier , Tsunefumi Mizuno

Radially inhomogeneous gamma-ray burst (GRB) jets release variable photospheric emission and can have internal shocks occurring above the photosphere. We generically formulate a photospheric emission model of GRBs including Compton…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-18 Kenji Toma , Xue-Feng Wu , Peter Meszaros

A new estimation of the isotropic diffuse gamma-ray background (IGRB) observed by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi) has been presented for 50 months of data, in the energy range 100 MeV-820…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-05-17 Mattia Di Mauro , Fiorenza Donato

A study of the interstellar medium (ISM) and cosmic rays (CRs) using Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) data, in a region encompassing the nearby molecular clouds MBM 53, 54, and 55 and a far-infrared loop-like structure in Pegasus, is…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-12-28 T. Mizuno , S. Abdollahi , Y. Fukui , K. Hayashi , A. Okumura , H. Tajima , H. Yamamoto

More than 90% of the Galactic gas-related gamma-ray emissivity above 1 GeV is attributed to the decay of neutral pions formed in collisions between cosmic rays and interstellar matter, with lepton-induced processes becoming increasingly…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-13 C. D. Dermer , A. W. Strong , E. Orlando , L. Tibaldo

We perform two distinct spatio-spectral reconstructions of the gamma-ray sky in the range of 0.56-316 GeV based on Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) data. Both describe the sky brightness to be composed of a diffuse-emission and a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-12-13 Lukas I. Platz , Jakob Knollmüller , Philipp Arras , Philipp Frank , Martin Reinecke , Dominik Jüstel , Torsten A. Enßlin

This article reviews a few topics relevant to Galactic cosmic-ray astrophysics, focusing on the recent AMS-02 data release and Fermi Large Area Telescope data on the diffuse Galactic gamma-ray emissivity. Calculations are made of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-12-16 Charles D. Dermer

As recently shown, Fermi-LAT measurements of the diffuse gamma-ray emission from the Galaxy favor the presence of a smooth softening in the primary cosmic-ray spectrum with increasing Galactocentric distance. This result can be interpreted…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-06-22 Daniele Gaggero , Dario Grasso , Antonio Marinelli , Alfredo Urbano , Mauro Valli

The $\gamma$-ray emission from stars is induced by the interaction of cosmic rays with stellar atmospheres and photon fields. This emission is expected to come in two components: a stellar disk emission, where $\gamma$-rays are mainly…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-08-04 Raniere de Menezes , Elena Orlando , Mattia Di Mauro , Andrew Strong

An anomalous emission component at energies of a few GeV and located towards the inner Galaxy is present in the Fermi-LAT data. It is known as the Fermi-LAT GeV excess. Using almost 8 years of data we reanalyze the characteristics of this…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-08-10 Richard Bartels , Emma Storm , Christoph Weniger , Francesca Calore

Context: Diffuse $\gamma$-ray emission from cosmic ray (CR) protons scattering off the gas in the intracluster and intergalactic medium (ICM and IGM) remains out of reach for current observations. Detecting this emission would provide…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-20 Ludwig M. Böss , Ildar Khabibullin , Daniel Karner , Klaus Dolag , Ulrich P. Steinwandel , Elena Hernandez-Martinez , Jenny G. Sorce

The diffuse high-energy gamma-ray emission of the Milky Way arises from interactions of cosmic-rays (CRs) with interstellar gas and radiation field in the Galaxy. The neutral hydrogen (H I) gas component is by far the most massive and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-13 Gudlaugur Johannesson , Igor Moskalenko , Seth Digel

We present a new method to interpret the $\gamma$-ray data of our inner Galaxy as measured by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi LAT). We train and test convolutional neural networks with simulated Fermi-LAT images based on models tuned…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-05-29 Sascha Caron , Germán A. Gómez-Vargas , Luc Hendriks , Roberto Ruiz de Austri

We present the second catalog of high-energy gamma-ray sources detected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT), the primary science instrument on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi), derived from data taken during the first 24 months of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-30 LAT Collaboration

The possible gamma-ray excess in the inner Galaxy and the Galactic center (GC) suggested by Fermi-LAT observations has triggered a large number of studies. It has been interpreted as a variety of different phenomena such as a signal from…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 Francesca Calore , Ilias Cholis , Christoph Weniger

The presence of relativistic electrons within the diffuse gas phase of galaxy clusters is now well established, but their detailed origin remains unclear. Cosmic ray protons are also expected to accumulate during the formation of clusters…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-04-14 R. Adam , H. Goksu , S. Brown , L. Rudnick , C. Ferrari

While supernova remnants (SNRs) are widely thought to be powerful cosmic-ray accelerators, indirect evidence comes from a small number of well-studied cases. Here we systematically determine the gamma-ray emission detected by the Fermi…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-07-14 F. de Palma , T. J. Brandt , J. W. Hewitt , G. Johannesson , L. Tibaldo

We investigate the contribution of the beamed jet component to the high energy emission in young and compact extragalactic radio sources, focusing for the first time on the gamma-ray band. We derive predictions on the gamma-ray luminosities…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-18 Giulia Migliori , Aneta Siemiginowska , Brandon C. Kelly , Lukasz Stawarz , Annalisa Celotti , Mitchell C. Begelman