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Related papers: Reified Context Models

200 papers

The ability of language models to learn a task from a few examples in context has generated substantial interest. Here, we provide a perspective that situates this type of supervised few-shot learning within a much broader spectrum of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Andrew Kyle Lampinen , Stephanie C. Y. Chan , Aaditya K. Singh , Murray Shanahan

It has recently been demonstrated empirically that in-context learning emerges in transformers when certain distributional properties are present in the training data, but this ability can also diminish upon further training. We provide a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Bryan Chan , Xinyi Chen , András György , Dale Schuurmans

Images generated by diffusion models like Stable Diffusion are increasingly widespread. Recent works and even lawsuits have shown that these models are prone to replicating their training data, unbeknownst to the user. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Gowthami Somepalli , Vasu Singla , Micah Goldblum , Jonas Geiping , Tom Goldstein

Achieving personalized alignment requires adapting large language models to each user's evolving context. While decoding-time personalization offers a scalable alternative to training-time methods, existing methods largely rely on implicit,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Xin Yu , Hanwen Xing , Lingzhou Xue

We formulate coherence modeling as a regression task and propose two novel methods to combine techniques from our setup with pairwise approaches. The first of our methods is a model that we call "first-next," which operates similarly to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-13 David McClure , Shayne O'Brien , Deb Roy

In-context learning is the ability of a pretrained model to adapt to novel and diverse downstream tasks by conditioning on prompt examples, without optimizing any parameters. While large language models have demonstrated this ability, how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Qian Huang , Hongyu Ren , Peng Chen , Gregor Kržmanc , Daniel Zeng , Percy Liang , Jure Leskovec

Retrieval-augmented generation has gained popularity as a framework to enhance large language models with external knowledge. However, its effectiveness hinges on the retrieval robustness of the model. If the model lacks retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Xiaoyu Shen , Rexhina Blloshmi , Dawei Zhu , Jiahuan Pei , Wei Zhang

Teaching an agent to perform new tasks using natural language can easily be hindered by ambiguities in interpretation. When a teacher provides an instruction to a learner about an object by referring to its features, the learner can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Hugo Caselles-Dupré , Olivier Sigaud , Mohamed Chetouani

We propose a series of recurrent and contextual neural network models for multiple choice visual question answering on the Visual7W dataset. Motivated by divergent trends in model complexities in the literature, we explore the balance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-03-24 Abhijit Sharang , Eric Lau

Large Language Models (LLMs) are intended to reflect human linguistic competencies. But humans have access to a broad and embodied context, which is key in detecting and resolving linguistic ambiguities, even in isolated text spans. A…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Amber Shore , Russell Scheinberg , Ameeta Agrawal , So Young Lee

We present a new method for large language models to solve compositional tasks. Although they have shown strong performance on traditional language understanding tasks, large language models struggle to solve compositional tasks, where the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Eric Pasewark , Kyle Montgomery , Kefei Duan , Dawn Song , Chenguang Wang

Context-based fine-tuning methods, including prompting, in-context learning, soft prompting (also known as prompt tuning), and prefix-tuning, have gained popularity due to their ability to often match the performance of full fine-tuning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Aleksandar Petrov , Philip H. S. Torr , Adel Bibi

We address the challenge of constructing valid confidence intervals and sets in problems of prediction across multiple environments. We investigate two types of coverage suitable for these problems, extending the jackknife and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-14 John C. Duchi , Suyash Gupta , Kuanhao Jiang , Pragya Sur

Models such as finite state automata are widely used to abstract the behavior of software systems by capturing the sequences of events observable during their execution. Nevertheless, models rarely exist in practice and, when they do, get…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Donato Clun , Donghwan Shin , Antonio Filieri , Domenico Bianculli

Generic sentences express generalisations about the world without explicit quantification. Although generics are central to everyday communication, building a precise semantic framework has proven difficult, in part because speakers use…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Gustavo Cilleruelo Calderón , Emily Allaway , Barry Haddow , Alexandra Birch

Despite the increasing effectiveness of language models, their reasoning capabilities remain underdeveloped. In particular, causal reasoning through counterfactual question answering is lacking. This work aims to bridge this gap. We first…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Alihan Hüyük , Xinnuo Xu , Jacqueline Maasch , Aditya V. Nori , Javier González

A considerable number of texts encountered daily are somehow connected with each other. For example, Wikipedia articles refer to other articles via hyperlinks, scientific papers relate to others via citations or (co)authors, while tweets…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Albert Roethel , Maria Ganzha , Anna Wróblewska

Reinforcement learning has advanced video reasoning in large multi-modal models, yet dominant pipelines either rely on on-policy self-exploration, which plateaus at the model's knowledge boundary, or hybrid replay that mixes policies and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Haojian Huang , Chuanyu Qin , Yinchuan Li , Yingcong Chen

Large language model editing methods frequently suffer from overfitting, wherein factual updates can propagate beyond their intended scope, overemphasizing the edited target even when it's contextually inappropriate. To address this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Haitian Zhong , Yuhuan Liu , Ziyang Xu , Guofan Liu , Qiang Liu , Shu Wu , Zhe Zhao , Liang Wang , Tieniu Tan

Instruction tuning enhances the instruction following ability of large language models by finetuning with supervised instruction data. Previous work proposes in-context instruction tuning (ICIT) where specific positive or negative examples…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Tianci Xue , Ziqi Wang , Yixia Li , Yun Chen , Guanhua Chen