Related papers: Other trigonometric proofs of Pythagoras theorem

We present two geometric proofs of the Kochen-Specker theorem. A quite similar argument has been used by Cooke, Keane, and Moran, as well as by Kalmbach in her book to derive the Gleason theorem.

Let S be a triangulated 2-sphere with fixed triangulation T. We apply the methods of thin position from knot theory to obtain a simple version of the three geodesics theorem for the 2-sphere [5]. In general these three geodesics may be…

In the present note we give a new proof of a result due to Wiseman and Wilson which establishes an analogue of the Sylvester-Gallai theorem valid for curves of degree two. The main ingredients of the proof come from algebraic geometry.…

Proving that a finitely generated convex cone is closed is often considered the most difficult part of geometric proofs of Farkas' lemma. We provide a short simple proof of this fact and (for completeness) derive Farkas' lemma from it using…

An analysis of the zeta and gamma function is presented, using elementary functions like [] and {}, a general formula for the angle of zeta(1/2 + i*n) is found and the same for the gamma function.

We prove that for $s=\sigma+it$ with $\sigma\ge0$ and $0<t\le x$, we have \[\zeta(s)=\sum_{n\le x}n^{-s}+\frac{x^{1-s}}{(s-1)}+\Theta\frac{29}{14} x^{-\sigma},\qquad \frac{29}{14}=2.07142\dots\] where $\Theta$ is a complex number with…

This paper aims to give an elementary proof for Toponogov's theorem in Alexandrov geometry with lower curvature bound. The idea of the proof comes from the fact that, in Riemannian geometry, sectional curvature can be embodied in the second…

In this paper we will do the following: (1) show how to geometrically define multiplication, using only basic plane geometry, independently of area and any notion of similar triangles; (2) prove all the properties of multiplication using…

D'Alembert made the first serious attempt to prove the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra (FTA) in 1746. An elementary proof of (FTA) based on the same idea is given in Proofs from THE BOOK. We give a shorter and more transperant version of…

Say that $(x, y, z)$ is a positive primitive integral Pythagorean triple if $x, y, z$ are positive integers without common factors satisfying $x^2 + y^2 = z^2$. An old theorem of Berggren gives three integral invertible linear…

This paper presents an alternative proof of the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra that has several distinct advantages. The proof is based on simple ideas involving continuity and differentiation. Visual software demonstrations can be used to…

This is a reformulation and refutation of a proposed proof of the Riemann hypothesis published in 2013 (arXiv:1305.0323) and in 2014 (arXiv:1402.2822). Proceeding by contradiction, the author wants to prove that if zeta(s)=0 where 1/2<Re…

This article studies the application of the Pythagorean theorem in the Susa Mathematical Texts (\textbf{SMT}) and we discuss those texts whose problems and related calculations demonstrate its use. Among these texts, \textbf{SMT No.\,1}…

The Riemann hypothesis, conjectured by Bernhard Riemann in 1859, claims that the non-trivial zeros of $\zeta(s)$ lie on the line $\Re(s) =1/2$. The density hypothesis is a conjectured estimate $N(\lambda, T) =O\bigl(T\sp{2(1-\lambda)…

Let alpha be an arbitrary angle in a random spherical triangle Delta and a be the side opposite alpha. (The sphere has radius 1; vertices of Delta are independent and uniform.) If some other side is constrained to be pi/2, then…

Question when rectangle can be tiled with similar copies of rectangles witch quetient of sides quadratic irrationalities. New proof of one part F. Sharov's theorem. Other close result.

An analog of the Riemann hypothesis is proved in this paper. Some new integral equations for the functions $\pi(x)$ and $R(x)$ follows. A new effect that is shown is that these function - with essentially different behavior - are the…

We define angle $\Theta_{X,Y}$ between non-zero Hilbert--Schmidt operators $X$ and $Y$ by $\cos\Theta_{_{X,Y}} = \frac{{\rm Re}{\rm Tr}(Y^*X)}{{\|X\|}_{_2}{\|Y\|}_{_2}}$, and give some of its essentially properties. It is shown, among other…

We introduce a kind of finite truncation of the hypergeometric series and provide its discretized integral representation. This is motivated by recent results of Maesaka-Seki-Watanabe and Hirose-Matsusaka-Seki on the identity between…

Siegel proved that every totally positive element of a number field K is the sum of four squares, so in particular the Pythagoras number is uniformly bounded across number fields. The p-adic Kochen operator provides a p-adic analogue of…