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The Grover walk is one of the most well-studied quantum walks on graphs. In this paper, we investigate its periodicity to reveal the relationship between the quantum walk and the underlying graph, focusing particularly on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-01 Yusuke Yoshie

We define the Laplacian matrix and the Jacobian group of a finite graph of groups. We prove analogues of the matrix tree theorem and the class number formula for the order of the Jacobian of a graph of groups. Given a group $G$ acting on a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-27 Margaret Meyer , Dmitry Zakharov

This paper is devoted to periodic travelling waves solving Lie-Poisson equations based on the Virasoro group. We show that the reconstruction of any such solution can be carried out exactly, regardless of the underlying Hamiltonian (which…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-05-12 Blagoje Oblak

A classical enumerative result states that, given a graph $G$ and a vertex $u$, the number of connected subgraphs of $G$ is equal to the number of orientations of $G$ such that every vertex can reach $u$ by a directed path. We show that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-18 Oliver Bernardi , Jonathan J. Fang

We take the first steps towards a better understanding of continuous orbit equivalence, i.e., topological orbit equivalence with continuous cocycles. First, we characterise continuous orbit equivalence in terms of isomorphisms of C*-crossed…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2015-03-06 Xin Li

This paper presents a method to find new De Bruijn cycles based on ones of lesser order. This is done by mapping a De Bruijn cycle to several vertex disjoint cycles in a De Bruijn digraph of higher order and connecting these cycles into one…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-12-23 Abbas Alhakim , Mufutau Akinwande

The aim of the current work is to prove a law of large numbers for the range size of recurrent rotor walks with random initial configuration on a general class of trees, called periodic trees or directed covers of graphs.

Probability · Mathematics 2019-10-14 Wilfried Huss , Ecaterina Sava-Huss

A graph of order $n$ is $p$-factor-critical, where $p$ is an integer of the same parity as $n$, if the removal of any set of $p$ vertices results in a graph with a perfect matching. 1-Factor-critical graphs and 2-factor-critical graphs are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-12-18 Heping Zhang , Wuyang Sun

Jim Propp's rotor router model is a deterministic analogue of a random walk on a graph. Instead of distributing chips randomly, each vertex serves its neighbors in a fixed order. We analyze the difference between Propp machine and random…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Benjamin Doerr , Tobias Friedrich

Let G be a connected, loopless multigraph. The sandpile group of G is a finite abelian group associated to G whose order is equal to the number of spanning trees in G. Holroyd et al. used a dynamical process on graphs called rotor-routing…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-06-20 Melody Chan , Darren Glass , Matthew Macauley , David Perkinson , Caryn Werner , Qiaoyu Yang

J.H.C. Whitehead's second free-group algorithm determines whether or not two given elements of a free group lie in the same orbit of the automorphism group of the free group. The algorithm involves certain connected graphs, and Whitehead…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2017-06-30 Warren Dicks

This paper is inspired by the PQ penny flip game. It employs group-theoretic concepts to study the original game and also its possible extensions. We show that the PQ penny flip game can be associated with the dihedral group $D_{8}$. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-14 Theodore Andronikos , Alla Sirokofskich

For every $k \geq 3$, we determine the order of growth, up to polylogarithmic factors, of the number of orientations of the binomial random graph containing no directed cycle of length $k$. This solves a conjecture of Kohayakawa, Morris and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-11-09 Marcelo Campos , Maurício Collares , Guilherme Oliveira Mota

Rotor walks are cellular automata that determine deterministic traversals of particles in a directed multigraph using simple local rules, yet they can generate complex behaviors. Furthermore, these trajectories exhibit statistical…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-07-06 David Auger , Pierre Coucheney , Loric Duhazé , Kossi Roland Etse

We study the dynamics of a family of replicator maps, depending on two parameters. Such studies are motivated by the analysis of the dynamics of evolutionary games under selections. From the dynamics viewpoint, we prove the existence of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-12-24 Sergey Kryzhevich , Yiwei Zhang , Magdalena Chmara

We prove that the order of the double reduced 2-factor transfer digraph ${\cal R}^{**}_{m}$ which is needed for the enumeration of the spanning unions of cycles in the rectangular grid graph $P_m \times P_n$ ($m,n \in N$), when $m$ is odd,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-09 Jelena Đokic

We study the class of 1-perfectly orientable graphs, that is, graphs having an orientation in which every out-neighborhood induces a tournament. 1-perfectly orientable graphs form a common generalization of chordal graphs and circular arc…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-03-08 Tatiana Romina Hartinger , Martin Milanič

We present the theory of multifunctions applied to graphs. Its interesting feature is that walks are recognized as iterations. We consider the graphs with arbitrary number of vertices which are determined by multifunctions. The mutually…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2017-11-02 Artur Gizycki

Rotor Router models were first introduced by James Propp in 2002. A recurrent Rotor configuration is the one in which every state is visited infinitely often. In this project we investigated whether there is a recurrent Rotor configuration…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-05-05 Tulasi Ram Reddy A

We introduce a new family of one-player games, involving the movement of coins from one configuration to another. Moves are restricted so that a coin can be placed only in a position that is adjacent to at least two other coins. The goal of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Erik D. Demaine , Martin L. Demaine , Helena A. Verrill