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Computing an optimal classification tree that provably maximizes training performance within a given size limit, is NP-hard, and in practice, most state-of-the-art methods do not scale beyond computing optimal trees of depth three.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Catalin E. Brita , Jacobus G. M. van der Linden , Emir Demirović

It is widely accepted that (1) the natural or folded state of proteins is a global energy minimum, and (2) in most cases proteins fold to a unique state determined by their amino acid sequence. The H-P (hydrophobic-hydrophilic) model is a…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Oswin Aichholzer , David Bremner , Erik D. Demaine , Henk Meijer , Vera Sacristán , Michael Soss

We present a novel dual-head deep learning architecture for protein-protein interaction modeling that enables simultaneous prediction of binding affinity ($\Delta G$) and mutation-induced affinity changes ($\Delta\Delta G$) using only…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-30 Supantha Dey , Ratul Chowdhury

The protein design problem involves finding polypeptide sequences folding into a given threedimensional structure. Its rigorous algorithmic solution is computationally demanding, involving a nested search in sequence and structure spaces.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-11 Veronica Panizza , Philipp Hauke , Cristian Micheletti , Pietro Faccioli

We propose an automated protocol for designing the energy landscape of a protein energy function by optimizing its parameters. The parameters are optimized so that not only the global minimum energy conformation becomes native-like, but…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 Julian Lee , Seung-Yeon Kim , Jooyoung Lee

Deep learning models can predict protein properties with unprecedented accuracy but rarely offer mechanistic insight or actionable guidance for engineering improved variants. When a model flags an antibody as unstable, the protein engineer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Weronika Kłos , Sidney Bender , Lukas Kades

Designing protein sequences that fold into a target 3-D structure, termed as the inverse folding problem, is central to protein engineering. However, it remains challenging due to the vast sequence space and the importance of local…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-17 Sazan Mahbub , Souvik Kundu , Eric P. Xing

Monte Carlo Exploring Starts (MCES), which aims to learn the optimal policy using only sample returns, is a simple and natural algorithm in reinforcement learning which has been shown to converge under various conditions. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Suei-Wen Chen , Keith Ross , Pierre Youssef

Recent advancements in machine learning techniques for protein folding motivate better results in its inverse problem -- protein design. In this work we introduce a new graph mimetic neural network, MimNet, and show that it is possible to…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-02-09 Moshe Eliasof , Tue Boesen , Eldad Haber , Chen Keasar , Eran Treister

Proteins populate a manifold in the high-dimensional sequence space whose geometrical structure guides their natural evolution. Leveraging recently-developed structure prediction tools based on transformer models, we first examine the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-11-13 A. Zambon , R. Zecchina , G. Tiana

Protein structure prediction often hinges on multiple sequence alignments (MSAs), which underperform on low-homology and orphan proteins. We introduce PLAME, a lightweight MSA design framework that leverages evolutionary embeddings from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Hanqun Cao , Xinyi Zhou , Zijun Gao , Chenyu Wang , Xin Gao , Zhi Zhang , Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez , Chunbin Gu , Ge Liu , Pheng-Ann Heng

Multivariate decision trees are powerful machine learning tools for classification and regression that attract many researchers and industry professionals. An optimal binary tree has two types of vertices, (i) branching vertices which have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Brandon Alston , Illya V. Hicks

Protein structure prediction models such as AlphaFold3 (AF3) push the frontier of biomolecular modeling by incorporating science-informed architectural changes to the transformer architecture. However, these advances come at a steep system…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-27 Hoa La , Ahan Gupta , Alex Morehead , Jianlin Cheng , Minjia Zhang

In molecular mechanics, current generation potential energy functions provide a reasonably good compromise between accuracy and effectiveness. This paper firstly reviewed several most commonly used classical potential energy functions and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-08-19 Jiapu Zhang

In the protein sequence space, natural proteins form clusters of families which are characterized by their unique native folds whereas the great majority of random polypeptides are neither clustered nor foldable to unique structures. Since…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2018-02-06 Akira R. Kinjo

We demonstrate that the recently proposed pruned-enriched Rosenbluth method PERM (P. Grassberger, Phys. Rev. E, in press (1997)) leads to extremely efficient algorithms for the folding of simple model proteins. We test it on several models…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ugo Bastolla , Helge Frauenkron , Erwin Gerstner , Peter Grassberger , Walter Nadler

In this paper we experiment with using neural network structures to predict a protein's secondary structure ({\alpha} helix positions) from only its primary structure (amino acid sequence). We implement a fully connected neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-25 Sidharth Malhotra , Robin Walters

Protein language models trained on the masked language modeling objective learn to predict the identity of hidden amino acid residues within a sequence using the remaining observable sequence as context. They do so by embedding the residues…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-07-11 Pranav Kantroo , Günter P. Wagner , Benjamin B. Machta

We apply the general protocol of parameter optimization (Lee, J. et al. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 7291) to the UNRES potential. In contrast to the earlier works where only the relative weights of various interaction terms were optimized, we…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 Julian Lee , Kibeom Park , Jooyoung Lee

A central problem in computational biophysics is protein structure prediction, i.e., finding the optimal folding of a given amino acid sequence. This problem has been studied in a classical abstract model, the HP model, where the protein is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Kaiyuan Yang , Houjing Huang , Olafs Vandans , Adithya Murali , Fujia Tian , Roland H. C. Yap , Liang Dai