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Let B be a finite collection of geometric (not necessarily convex) bodies in the plane. Clearly, this class of geometric objects naturally generalizes the class of disks, lines, ellipsoids, and even convex polygons. We consider geometric…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-08-29 Alexander Grigoriev , Athanassios Koutsonas , Dimitrios M. Thilikos

We present several enumeration results holding in sets of words called neutral and which satisfy restrictive conditions on the set of possible extensions of nonempty words. These formulae concern return words and bifix codes. They…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-03-23 Francesco Dolce , Dominique Perrin

A quasiconformal tree is a doubling metric tree in which the diameter of each arc is bounded above by a fixed multiple of the distance between its endpoints. We study the geometry of these trees in two directions. First, we construct a…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2022-03-10 Guy C. David , Vyron Vellis

Circular words are cyclically ordered finite sequences of letters. We give a computer-free proof of the following result by Currie: square-free circular words over the ternary alphabet exist for all lengths $l$ except for 5, 7, 9, 10, 14,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2010-10-26 Arseny M. Shur

We generalize the concept of stack one dimension higher, introducing a notion of 2-stack suitable for a trihomomorphism from a 2-category equipped with a bitopology into the tricategory of bicategories. Moreover, we give a characterization…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2024-03-14 Elena Caviglia

A mixed Steiner system MS$(t,k,Q)$ is a set (code) $C$ of words of weight $k$ over an alphabet $Q$, where not all coordinates of a word have the same alphabet size, each word of weight $t$, over $Q$, has distance $k-t$ from exactly one…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-01 Tuvi Etzion

We start by considering binary words containing the minimum possible numbers of squares and antisquares (where an antisquare is a word of the form $x \overline{x}$), and we completely classify which possibilities can occur. We consider…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-04-22 Tim Ng , Pascal Ochem , Narad Rampersad , Jeffrey Shallit

Let $u \shuffle v$ denote the set of all shuffles of the words $u$ and $v$. It is shown that for each integer $n \geq 3$ there exists a square-free ternary word $u$ of length $n$ such that $u\shuffle u$ contains a square-free word. This…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-09-10 Tero Harju , Mike Müller

A graph $G$ with vertex set $V(G)$ and edge set $E(G)$ is said to be word-representable if there exists a word $w$ over the alphabet $V(G)$ such that, for any two distinct letters $x,y \in V(G)$, the letters $x$ and $y$ alternate in $w$ if…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-14 Eshwar Srinivasan , Ramesh Hariharasubramanian

A square-free word $w$ over a fixed alphabet $\Sigma$ is extremal if every word obtained from $w$ by inserting a single letter from $\Sigma$ (at any position) contains a square. Grytczuk et al. recently introduced the concept of extremal…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-02-03 Lucas Mol , Narad Rampersad

Matrix configurations define noncommutative spaces endowed with extra structure including a generalized Laplace operator, and hence a metric structure. Made dynamical via matrix models, they describe rich physical systems including…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-03-15 Laura O. Felder , Harold C. Steinacker

This paper discusses the dimensions of the spline spaces over T-meshes with lower degree. Two new concepts are proposed: extension of T-meshes and spline spaces with homogeneous boundary conditions. In the dimension analysis, the key…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2008-04-17 Jiansong Deng , Falai Chen , Liangbing Jin

Matrix factorizations of a hypersurface yield a description of the asymptotic structure of minimal free resolutions over the hypersurface. We introduce a new concept of matrix factorizations for complete intersections that allows us to…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2015-02-24 David Eisenbud , Irena Peeva

As it is known, the set of all closed linear subspaces of a Hilbert space together with a binary relation over the set represents the logic of the quantum propositions. It is also known that the lattices of the closed linear subspaces on a…

Logic · Mathematics 2018-06-22 Arkady Bolotin

A linear map $\Phi$ between matrix spaces is called cross-positive if it is positive on orthogonal pairs $(U,V)$ of positive semidefinite matrices in the sense that $\langle U,V\rangle:=\text{Tr}(UV)=0$ implies $\langle…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-14 Igor Klep , Klemen Šivic , Aljaž Zalar

In 2011, Fici and Lipt\'ak introduced prefix normal words. A binary word is prefix normal if it has no factor (substring) that contains more occurrences of the letter 1 than the prefix of the same length. Among the open problems regarding…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-28 Duncan Adamson , Moritz Dudey , Pamela Fleischmann , Annika Huch

We investigate the structural relationship between prefix-free codes over the binary alphabet and a class of unlabeled rooted trees, which we call \emph{symmetric} trees. We establish a canonical correspondence between prefix-free codes and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Dean Kraizberg

For a finite Coxeter group, a subword complex is a simplicial complex associated with a pair (Q, \pi), where Q is a word in the alphabet of simple reflections, $\pi$ is a group element. We discuss the transformations of such a complex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-05-24 Mikhail Gorsky

The notion of 2-framed three-manifolds is defined. The category of 2-framed cobordisms is described, and used to define a 2-framed three-dimensional TQFT. Using skeletonization and special features of this category, a small set of data and…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Stephen Sawin

The familiar trace of a square matrix generalizes to a trace of an endomorphism of a dualizable object in a symmetric monoidal category. To extend these ideas to other settings, such as modules over non-commutative rings, the trace can be…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2024-07-01 Justin Barhite