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Bitcoin's limited scripting capabilities and lack of native interoperability mechanisms have constrained its integration into the broader blockchain ecosystem, especially decentralized finance (DeFi) and multi-chain applications. This paper…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Guojun Tang , Carylyne Chan , Ning Nan , Spencer Yang , Jiayu Zhou , Henry Leung , Mohammad Mamun , Steve Drew

Decentralized blockchain platforms have enabled the secure exchange of crypto-assets without the intermediation of trusted authorities. To this purpose, these platforms rely on a peer-to-peer network of byzantine nodes, which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Massimo Bartoletti , Letterio Galletta , Maurizio Murgia

In traditional banking, repeated deposit-and-lend cycles let a single dollar of reserves support multiple dollars of claims. Decentralized finance produces an analogous structure with tokens. Constructing a Token Graph of 10,200 tokens…

General Economics · Economics 2026-03-31 Wenbin Wu

Cryptocurrencies are distributed systems that allow exchanges of native (and non-) tokens among participants. The complete historical bookkeeping and its wide availability opens up an unprecedented possibility, i.e. that of understanding…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-12-02 Nicolò Vallarano , Claudio Tessone , Tiziano Squartini

Threshold cryptography is a powerful and well-known technique with many applications to systems relying on distributed trust. It has recently emerged also as a solution to challenges in blockchain: frontrunning prevention, managing wallet…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Mariarosaria Barbaraci , Noah Schmid , Orestis Alpos , Michael Senn , Christian Cachin

VPN service providers (VSP) and IP-VPN customers have traditionally maintained service demarcation boundaries between their routing and signaling entities. This has resulted in the VPNs viewing the VSP network as an opaque entity and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-12-11 Ravishankar Ravindran , Changcheng Huang , Krishnaiyan Thulasiraman , Tachun Lin

Chainspace is a decentralized infrastructure, known as a distributed ledger, that supports user defined smart contracts and executes user-supplied transactions on their objects. The correct execution of smart contract transactions is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-08-15 Mustafa Al-Bassam , Alberto Sonnino , Shehar Bano , Dave Hrycyszyn , George Danezis

Decentralized finance (DeFi) is known for its unique mechanism design, which applies smart contracts to facilitate peer-to-peer transactions. The decentralized bank is a typical DeFi application. Ideally, a decentralized bank should be…

General Economics · Economics 2025-08-11 Yufan Zhang , Zichao Chen , Yutong Sun , Yulin Liu , Luyao Zhang

Cryptocurrencies are a digital medium of exchange with decentralized control that renders the community operating the cryptocurrency its sovereign. Leading cryptocurrencies use proof-of-work or proof-of-stake to reach consensus, thus are…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2020-07-07 Gal Shahaf , Ehud Shapiro , Nimrod Talmon

Blockchains and peer-to-peer systems are part of a trend towards computer systems that are "radically decentralised", by which we mean that they 1) run across many participants, 2) without central control, and 3) are such that qualities 1…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Murdoch J. Gabbay

Topos is an open interoperability protocol designed to reduce as much as possible trust assumptions by replacing them with cryptographic constructions and decentralization while exhibiting massive scalability. The protocol does not make use…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Théo Gauthier , Sébastien Dan , Monir Hadji , Antonella Del Pozzo , Yackolley Amoussou-Guenou

The prosperity of the cryptocurrency ecosystem drives the need for digital asset trading platforms. Beyond centralized exchanges (CEXs), decentralized exchanges (DEXs) are introduced to allow users to trade cryptocurrency without…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-12 Pengcheng Xia , Haoyu wang , Bingyu Gao , Weihang Su , Zhou Yu , Xiapu Luo , Chao Zhang , Xusheng Xiao , Guoai Xu

Today's Internet is heavily used for multimedia streaming from cloud backends, while the Internet of Things (IoT) reverses the traditional data flow, with high data volumes produced at the network edge. Information Centric Networking (ICN)…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Christopher Scherb , Dennis Grewe , Christian Tschudin

Classical cloud storage based on external data providers has been recognized to suffer from a number of drawbacks. This is due to its inherent centralized architecture which makes it vulnerable to external attacks, malware, technical…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-07-11 Fabio Fagnani , Barbara Franci , Ennio Grasso

The financial sustainability of a generic supply chain is a complex problem, which can be addressed through detailed monitoring of financial operations deriving from stakeholder interrelationships and consequent analysis of these financial…

The Monero blockchain enables anonymous transactions through advanced cryptography in its peer-to-peer network, which underpins decentralization, security, and trustless interactions. However, privacy measures obscure peer connections,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Yu Gao , Matija Piškorec , Yu Zhang , Nicolò Vallarano , Claudio J. Tessone

A cryptographic protocol (CP) is a distributed algorithm designed to provide a secure communication in an insecure environment. CPs are used, for example, in electronic payments, electronic voting procedures, database access systems, etc.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-25 A. M. Mironov

Private blockchain networks are used by enterprises to manage decentralized processes without trusted mediators and without exposing their assets publicly on an open network like Ethereum. Yet external parties that cannot join such networks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Dushyant Behl , Palanivel Kodeswaran , Venkatraman Ramakrishna , Sayandeep Sen , Dhinakaran Vinayagamurthy

Modern distributed data management systems face a new challenge: how can autonomous, mutually-distrusting parties cooperate safely and effectively? Addressing this challenge brings up questions familiar from classical distributed systems:…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-10-16 Maurice Herlihy , Barbara Liskov , Liuba Shrira

Bitcoin is the first successful decentralized global digital cash system. Its mining process requires intense computational resources, therefore its usefulness remains a disputable topic. We aim to solve three problems with Bitcoin and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-08-25 Alexander Chepurnoy , Mario Larangeira , Alexander Ojiganov
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