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We explore heavy-element nucleosynthesis by rapid neutron capture (r-process) in the decompressing ejecta from the surface of a neutron star. The decompression is triggered by a violent phase transition to strange quark matter (quark-nova…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-03-19 Prashanth Jaikumar , Bradley S. Meyer , Kaori Otsuki , Rachid Ouyed

We determine the influence of a variation of the fundamental ``constants'' on the predicted helium abundance in Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. The analytic estimate is performed in two parts: the first step determines the dependence of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Christian M. Mueller , Gregor Schaefer , Christof Wetterich

Level density and radiative strength functions are obtained from the analysis of two-step cascades intensities following the thermal neutrons capture. The data on level density are approximated by the sum of the partial level densities…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2008-11-26 A. M. Sukhovoj , V. A. Khitrov

The origins of the elements and isotopes of cosmic material is a critical aspect of understanding the evolution of the universe. Nucleosynthesis typically requires physical conditions of high temperatures and densities. These are found in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-07-12 Roland Diehl , Andreas Korn , Bruno Leibundgut , Maria Lugaro , Anton Wallner

The existence of neutron star mergers has been supported since the discovery of the binary pulsar and the observation of its orbital energy loss, consistent with General Relativity. They are considered nucleosynthesis sites of the rapid…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-10-09 F. -K. Thielemann , M. Eichler , I. V. Panov , B. Wehmeyer

We investigate the possibility that neutrino capture on heavy nuclei competes with beta decay in the environment where the $r$-Process elements are synthesized. We find that such neutrino capture is not excluded by existing abundance…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 Gail C. McLaughlin , George M. Fuller

Recently we presented a simple method for determining the correlated uncertainties of the light element abundances expected from big bang nucleosynthesis, which avoids the need for lengthy Monte Carlo simulations. We now extend this…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 E. Lisi , Subir Sarkar , F. L. Villante

How are the heavy elements formed? This has been a key open question in physics for decades. Recent direct detections of neutron star mergers and observations of evolved stars show signatures of chemical elements in the blue range of their…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-16 Camilla Juul Hansen

Heavy elements are synthesized by the r-process in neutron star mergers and potentially in rare supernovae linked to strong magnetic fields. Expensive hydrodynamic simulations of these extreme environments are usually post-processed to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-06-03 Jan Kuske , Almudena Arcones , Moritz Reichert

The quest for the origin of the chemical elements, which we find in our body, in our planet (Earth), in our star (Sun), or in our galaxy (Milky Way) could only be resolved with a thorough understanding of the nuclear physics properties of…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2018-03-26 René Reifarth , David Brown , Saed Dababneh , Yuri A. Litvinov , Shea M. Mosby

A number of possible mechanisms have been suggested to generate density inhomogeneities in the early Universe which could survive until the onset of primordial nucleosynthesis and generate neutron-rich regions. In this work we are not…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-04-20 T. Rauscher , F. -K. Thielemann

The last parameter of big-bang nucleosynthesis, the baryon density, is being pinned down by measurements of the deuterium abundance in high-redshift hydrogen clouds. When it is determined, it will fix the primeval light-element abundances.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 David N. Schramm , Michael S. Turner

We study the dependence of primordial nuclear abundances on fundamental nuclear observables such as binding energies, scattering lengths, neutron lifetime, \textit{etc.} by varying these quantities. The numerical computations were performed…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2022-11-23 Ulf-G. Meißner , Bernard Ch. Metsch

Results of charge form factors calculations for several unstable neutron-rich isotopes of light, medium and heavy nuclei (He, Li, Ni, Kr, Sn) are presented and compared to those of stable isotopes in the same isotopic chain. For the lighter…

The r-process involves neutron-rich nuclei far off stability for which no experimental cross sections are known. Therefore, one has to rely on theory which might be prone to considerable uncertainties far off stability. To investigate the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 T. Rauscher

The rapid neutron capture process (r process) is believed to be responsible for about half of the production of the elements heavier than iron and contributes to abundances of some lighter nuclides as well. A universal pattern of r-process…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-06-26 T. Kajino , W. Aoki , A. B. Balantekin , R. Diehl , M. A. Famiano , G. J. Mathews

Fissioning nuclei and fission fragments, nuclear fragments emerging from energetic collisions, or nuclei probed with various external fields can emit one or more pre-equilibrium neutrons, protons, and potentially other heavier nuclear…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-09-23 A. Bulgac

We evaluate abundance anomalies generated in patches of the universe where the baryon-to-photon ratio was locally enhanced by possibly many orders of magnitude in the range $\eta = 10^{-10} - 10^{-1}$. Our study is motivated by the possible…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-08 Alexandre Arbey , Jérémy Auffinger , Joseph Silk

Parity violating electron nucleus scattering is a clean and powerful tool for measuring the spatial distributions of neutrons in nuclei with unprecedented accuracy. Parity violation arises from the interference of electromagnetic and weak…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-11-18 C. J. Horowitz , S. J. Pollock , P. A. Souder , R. Michaels

We calculate primordial abundances of light elements produced during big bang nucleosynthesis when the fine structure constant and/or the cosmic expansion rate take non-standard values. We compare them with the recent values of observed D,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-10 Kazuhide Ichikawa , Masahiro Kawasaki