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While the temperature of the X-ray corona ($\rm{kT_e}$) in active galactic nuclei (AGN) are known for many sources, its variation, if any, is limited to a handful of objects. This is in part due to the requirement of good signal-to-noise…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-11-30 Indrani Pal , C. S. Stalin

We present X-ray/gamma-ray spectra of Cyg X-1 observed during the transition from the hard to the soft state and in the soft state by ASCA, RXTE and OSSE in 1996 May and June. The spectra consist of a dominant soft component below ~2 keV…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 M. Gierlinski , A. A. Zdziarski , J. Poutanen , P. S. Coppi , K. Ebisawa , W. N. Johnson

We extended the disk corona model (Meyer & Meyer-Hofmeister 1994; Meyer, Liu, & Meyer-Hofmeister 2000a) to the inner region of galactic nuclei by including different temperatures in ions and electrons as well as Compton cooling. We found…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 B. F. Liu , S. Mineshige , F. Meyer , E. Meyer-Hofmeister , T. Kawaguchi

We review observations and theoretical models of X-ray/gamma-ray spectra of radio-quiet Seyfert galaxies and of Galactic black-hole candidates (in the hard spectral state). The observed spectra share all their basic components: an…

The X-ray spectra of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) often exhibit an excess of emission above the primary power-law at energies <~ $2$ keV. Two models for the origin of this `soft excess' are ionized relativistic reflection from the inner…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-06-22 Xin Xiang , D. R. Ballantyne , S. Bianchi , A. De Rosa , G. Matt , R. Middei , P. -O. Petrucci , A. Rozanska , F. Ursini

The broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) is investigated for a well-selected sample composed of $23$ Seyfert 1 galaxies observed simultaneously in the optical/UV and X-ray bands with the Neil Gehrels…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-06-12 Huaqing Cheng , Weimin Yuan , He-Yang Liu , A. A. Breeveld , Chichuan Jin , Bifang Liu

The primary X-ray emission from AGN, described by a power law, irradiates the accretion disc producing reflection features in the spectrum. The reflection features arising from the inner regions of the disc can be significantly modified by…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-05-20 Savithri H. Ezhikode , Gulab C. Dewangan , Ranjeev Misra , Ninan Sajeeth Philip

[abridged] 1H 0419-577 is a highly-accreting, luminous BLS1 AGN. This study aims to characterise its disc-corona system using, for the first time, simultaneous XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations, performed in May and November 2018. We…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-13 Delphine Porquet , James N. Reeves , Valentina Braito

We present a systematic X-ray and multiwavelength study of a sample of 47 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with reverberation-mapping measurements. This sample includes 21 super-Eddington accreting AGNs and 26 sub-Eddington accreting AGNs.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-04-07 Hezhen Liu , B. Luo , W. N. Brandt , Michael S. Brotherton , S. C. Gallagher , Q. Ni , Ohad Shemmer , J. D. Timlin

Hard X-rays observed in Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) are thought to originate from the Comptonization of the optical/UV accretion disk photons in a hot corona. Polarization studies of these photons can help to constrain the corona geometry…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-11-29 Banafsheh Beheshtipour , Henric Krawczynski , Julien Malzac

We study properties of Fe K lines of a large sample of Seyfert 1s observed by ASCA. Fits with power laws and Gaussian lines yield the average linewidth and equivalent width of 0.22+-0.03 keV and 0.13+-0.01 keV, respectively. Thus, the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Piotr Lubinski , Andrzej Zdziarski

The soft X-ray excess in the spectra of active galactic nuclei is characterized by similar electron temperatures of 0.1 -- 0.3 keV and similar photon indices around 2.2 -- 3, if fitted with inverse Comptonization. It remains a puzzle why…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-09-21 Norita Kawanaka , Shin Mineshige

The X-ray spectrum from a cool accretion disk heated by virialized protons is computed. The cool disk is either embedded in a magnetically heated accretion disk corona or partly extends into an ion supported torus (or ADAF). We calculate…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 B. Deufel , C. P. Dullemond , H. C. Spruit

We discuss in detail the broad band X-ray variability expected in Seyfert galaxies in the framework of a Compton cooled corona model. Variations in the optical depth tau of the corona cause spectral changes in the Comptonized emission in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 Francesco Haardt , Laura Maraschi , Gabriele Ghisellini

The observed spectral energy distributions of five GeV-selected narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxies are fitted with a model including the radiation ingredients from the relativistic jet, the accretion disk, and the corona. We compare the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-19 Xiao-Na Sun , Jin Zhang , Da-Bin Lin , Zi-Wei Xue , En-Wei Liang , Shuang-Nan Zhang

We present evidence for widespread relativistic effects in the central regions of active galactic nuclei. In a sample of 18 Seyfert 1 galaxies observed by \asca, 14 show an iron K$\alpha$ line which is is resolved, with mean width…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 K. Nandra , I. M. George , R. F. Mushotzky , T. J. Turner , T. Yaqoob

The article considers the optically thick accretion discs with the progressive increasing height. The surface is assumed to be the conical form. The radiation with considered wavelength emerges from an ring on the cone and is described by…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-16 N. A. Silant'ev , G. A. Alekseeva , V. V. Novikov

We report a time averaged 2--8 keV X-ray polarization degree (PD) of $8.5\pm 1.6\%$ ($>3 \sigma$ detection) from the accretion-disc-corona (ADC) neutron-star system 2S 0921-630 (=V395 Car) observed with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-01 Ryota Tomaru , Chris Done , Hirokazu Odaka

We present joint \textit{XMM-Newton} and \textit{NuSTAR} observations of the `bare' narrow line Seyfert 1 Ton S180 ($z=0.062$), carried out in 2016 and providing the first hard X-ray view of this luminous galaxy. We find that the 0.4--30…

The thermal state of active galactic nucleus (AGN) coronae is commonly characterized by the electron temperature $kT_{\rm e}$, the Thomson optical depth $\tau$, and the geometry of the Comptonizing medium. We compile a literature sample of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-13 Haichao Xu