Related papers: Significance in Gamma Ray Astronomy with Systemati…
The incorporation of uncertainties to calculations of signal significance in planned experiments is an actual task. Several approaches to this problem are discussed. We present a procedure for taking into account the systematic uncertainty…
We describe a straightforward modification of frequently invoked methods for the determination of the statistical significance of a gamma-ray signal observed in a counting process. A simple criterion is proposed to decide whether a set of…
The significance of having detected an astrophysical gamma ray source is usually calculated by means of a formula derived by Li & Ma in 1983. We solve the same problem in terms of Bayesian statistics, which provides a logically more…
Astrophysical sources of TeV gamma rays are usually established by Cherenkov telescope observations. These counting type instruments have a field of view of few degrees in diameter and record large numbers of particle air showers via their…
The so called Li&Ma formula is still the most frequently used method for estimating the significance of observations carried out by Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes. In this work a straightforward extension of the method for point…
To properly estimate signal significance while accounting for both statistical and systematic uncertainties, we conducted a study to analyze the impact of typical systematic uncertainties, such as background shape, signal shape, and the…
The commonly used detection test statistic for Cherenkov telescope data is Li & Ma (1983), Eq. 17. It evaluates the compatibility of event counts in an on-source region with those in a representative off-region. It does not exploit the…
Estimating errors is a crucial part of any scientific analysis. Whenever a parameter is estimated (model-based or not), an error estimate is necessary. Any parameter estimate that is given without an error estimate is meaningless.…
Selection effects, connected with stochastic errors in source flux and threshold value determination are analyzed. Normal and normal logarithmic distributions of stochastic deviations are considered. These two kind of distributions produce…
The measurements with the background estimation from an off-zone are widely used in astrophysics, accelerator physics and other areas. Usually, the expected number of the background events in the off-zone and in the on-zone is known with a…
In Grammatical Error Correction, systems are evaluated by the number of errors they correct. However, no one has assessed whether all error types are equally important. We provide and apply a method to quantify the importance of different…
In response to an increasing availability of statistically rich observational data sets, the performance and applicability of traditional Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope analyses in the regime of systematically dominated measurement…
We study both systematic and statistical errors in radiation density matrix measurements. First we estimate the minimum number of scanning phases needed to reduce systematic errors below a fixed threshold. Then, we calculate the statistical…
When averages of different experimental determinations of the same quantity are computed, each with statistical and systematic error components, then frequently the statistical and systematic components of the combined error are quoted…
We study the impact of systematic errors on planned weak lensing surveys and compute the requirements on their contributions so that they are not a dominant source of the cosmological parameter error budget. The generic types of error we…
We propose a method to overcome the usual limitation of current data processing techniques in optical and infrared long-baseline interferometry: most reduction pipelines assume uncorrelated statistical errors and ignore systematics. We use…
The current precision on the CKM angle $\gamma$ is driven by averages of measurements from multiple final states and multiple experiments. As the next generation of experiments targets a total experimental precision on $\gamma$ less than…
Here we develop a general statistical procedure for the analysis of finite two-dimensional (2D) patterns inspired by the analysis of heavy-ion data. The method is used in the study of publicly available data obtained by the Gaia-ESA…
In real telescopes, the optical parameters evolve with time, and the degradation is often not uniform. This introduces variations in the image profile and therefore photo-centre displacements which, unless corrected, may result in…
We describe two different approaches for incorporating systematics into analyses for parameter determination in the physical sciences. We refer to these as the Pragmatic and the Full methods, with the latter coming in two variants: Full…