Related papers: What Isn't Complexity?
The non-trivial structure of such complex systems makes the analysis of their collective behavior a challenge. The problem is even more difficult when the information is distributed across networks (e.g., communication networks in different…
We investigate the relationship between complexity, information transfer and the emergence of collective behaviors, such as synchronization and nontrivial collective behavior, in a network of globally coupled chaotic maps as a simple model…
Compositionality is thought to be a key component of language, and various compositional benchmarks have been developed to empirically probe the compositional generalization of existing sequence processing models. These benchmarks often…
This article is a short introduction to generic case complexity, which is a recently developed way of measuring the difficulty of a computational problem while ignoring atypical behavior on a small set of inputs. Generic case complexity…
There is currently a rapid increase in the number of challenge problem, benchmarking datasets and algorithmic optimization tests for evaluating AI systems. However, there does not currently exist an objective measure to determine the…
The complexity of a system description is a function of the entropy of its symbolic description. Prior to computing the entropy of the system description, an observation scale has to be assumed. In natural language texts, typical scales are…
A simple model for the formation of a complex organism is introduced. Individuals can communicate and specialize, leading to an increase in productivity. If there are limits to the capacity of individuals to communicate with other…
Similarities between entities occur frequently in many real-world scenarios. For over a century, researchers in different fields have proposed a range of approaches to measure the similarity between entities. More recently, inspired by…
Universal and rigorously derived concept of dynamic complexit (physics/9806002) shows that any system of interacting components, including society and civilisation, exists only as a process of highly inhomogeneous, qualitative development…
Logics with team semantics provide alternative means for logical characterization of complexity classes. Both dependence and independence logic are known to capture non-deterministic polynomial time, and the frontiers of tractability in…
There are innumerable 'biological complexity measure's. While some patterns emerge from these attempts to represent biological complexity, a single measure to encompass the seemingly countless features of biological systems, still eludes…
The concept of effective complexity of an object as the minimal description length of its regularities has been initiated by Gell-Mann and Lloyd. The regularities are modeled by means of ensembles, that is probability distributions on…
Complex network theory aims to model and analyze complex systems that consist of multiple and interdependent components. Among all studies on complex networks, topological structure analysis is of the most fundamental importance, as it…
There is no agreed definition of intelligence, so it is problematic to simply ask whether brains, swarms, computers, or other systems are intelligent or not. To compare the potential intelligence exhibited by different cognitive systems, I…
This paper investigates the influence of discourse features on text complexity assessment. To do so, we created two data sets based on the Penn Discourse Treebank and the Simple English Wikipedia corpora and compared the influence of…
Living systems, particularly multicellular systems, often seem hopelessly complex. But recent studies have suggested that beneath this complexity, there may be unifying quantitative principles that we are only now starting to unravel. All…
The paper "Is Complexity an Illusion?" (Bennett, 2024) provides a formalism for complexity, learning, inference, and generalization, and introduces a formal definition for a "policy". This reply shows that correct policies do not exist for…
The dynamics of a nonequilibrium system can become complex because the system has many components (e.g., a human brain), because the system is strongly driven from equilibrium (e.g., large Reynolds-number flows), or because the system…
It has been said that complexity lies between order and disorder. In the case of brain activity, and physiology in general, complexity issues are being considered with increased emphasis. We sought to identify features of brain organization…
Component systems - ensembles of realizations built from a shared repertoire of modular parts - are ubiquitous in biological, ecological, technological, and socio-cultural domains. From genomes to texts, cities, and software, these systems…