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The Fermi bubbles are one of the most remarkable features in the gamma-ray sky revealed by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). The nature of the gamma-ray emission and the origin of the bubbles are still open questions. In this note, we…
The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope reveals two large gamma-ray bubbles in the Galaxy, which extend about 50 degrees (~ 10 kpc) above and below the Galactic center (GC) and are symmetric about the Galactic plane. Using axisymmetric…
The Fermi Bubbles, which comprise two large and homogeneous regions of spectrally hard gamma-ray emission extending up to $55^{o}$ above and below the Galactic Center, were first noticed in GeV gamma-ray data from the Fermi Telescope in…
The Fermi bubbles are two lobes filled with non-thermal particles that emit gamma rays, extend $\approx$10 kpc vertically from the Galactic center, and formed from either nuclear star formation or accretion activity on Sgr A*. Simulations…
The diffuse gamma-ray sky revealed 'Bubbles' of emission above and below the Galactic Plane symmetric around the centre of the Milky Way with a height of 10 kpc in both directions. At present there is no convincing explanation for the…
The Fermi bubbles were possibly created by large injections of energy into the Galactic Center (GC), either by an active galactic nucleus (AGN) or by nuclear starburst more than ~10 Myr ago. However, the origin of the diffuse gamma-ray…
The Fermi-LAT data revealed giant bubbles of emission above and below the Galactic plane with an energy spectrum significantly harder than seen from other directions. How the bubbles connect to the Galactic plane is unclear. We find that…
Galactic outflows are ubiquitous in galaxies containing active star formation or supermassive black hole activity. The presence of a large-scale outflow from the center of our own Galaxy was confirmed after the discovery of two large ($\sim…
Recent full-sky maps of the Galaxy from the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope have revealed a diffuse component of emission towards the Galactic center and extending up to roughly +/-50 degrees in latitude. This Fermi "haze" is the inverse…
Analyses have found a "haze" of anomalous microwave emission surrounding the Galactic Center in the WMAP sky maps. A recent study using Fermi data detected a similar haze in the gamma-ray. Several studies have modeled these hazes as…
It was proposed that the two phenomena, WMAP-Planck haze and Fermi bubbles, may have a common origin. In the present paper we analyze the spatial structure of the haze using the Planck 2018 data release. It is found that the spatial…
We have modelled the high-energy astrophysics of the inner 200 pc of the Galaxy with a view to explaining the diffuse, broad-band (radio continuum to TeV gamma-ray), non-thermal signal detected from this region. Our modelling pins down the…
Using hydrodynamical simulations, we show for the first time that an episode of star formation in the center of the Milky Way, with a star-formation-rate (SFR) $\sim 0.5$ M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ for $\sim 30$ Myr, can produce bubbles that…
Two giant plasma lobes, known as the Fermi Bubbles, extend 10 kpc above and below the Galactic Center. Since their discovery in X-rays in 2003 (and in gamma-rays in 2010), the Bubbles have been recognized as a new morphological feature of…
Most of the celestial gamma rays detected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) aboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope originate from the interstellar medium when energetic cosmic rays interact with interstellar nucleons and photons.…
The Fermi bubbles, two giant gamma-ray bubbles above and below the Galactic center (GC), are among the most important findings of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Because of the proximity, spatially resolved, multi-wavelength…
The Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope reveals a diffuse inverse Compton signal in the inner Galaxy with a similar spatial morphology to the microwave haze observed by WMAP, supporting the synchrotron interpretation of the microwave signal.…
The Fermi bubbles are part of a complex region of the Milky Way. This region presents broadband extended non-thermal radiation, apparently coming from a physical structure rooted in the Galactic Centre and with a partly-ordered magnetic…
One important prediction of acceleration of particles in the supernova caused shock in the magnetic wind of exploding Wolf Rayet and Red Super Giant stars is the production of an energetic particle component with an E^-2 spectrum, at a…
Recently the Fermi-LAT data have revealed two gamma-ray emitting bubble-shaped structures at the Galactic center. If the observed gamma rays have hadronic origin (collisions of accelerated protons), the bubbles must emit high energy…