Related papers: When are finite projective planes magic?

This paper studies a generalization of magic squares to finite projective space $\mathbb{P}^n(q)$. We classify at all functions from $\mathbb{P}^n(q)$ into a finite field where the sum along any $r$-flat is $0$. In doing so we show…

In this paper, we define an $n$-magic square in a group to be an $(n\times n)$ array of group elements whose rows, columns, and diagonals have the same product. This definition is akin to the idea of magic squares in the integers. Groups…

Let $(\Gamma,+)$ be an Abelian group of order $n^2$ and MS$_{\Gamma}(n)$ be an $n\times n$ array whose entries are all elements of $\Gamma$. Then MS$_{\Gamma}(n)$ is a $\Gamma$-magic square if all row, column, main and backward main…

This paper aims to address the relation between a magic square of odd order $n$ and a group, and their properties. By the modulo number $n$, we construct entries for each table from initial table of magic square with large number $n^2$.…

Finite projective planes are constructed using groups that satisfy simple-looking conditions. The resulting projective planes include many known planes and possibly new ones, and are precisely those having a collineation group fixing a flag…

A construction of the magic square, and hence of exceptional Lie algebras, is carried out using trialities rather than division algebras. By way of preparation, a comprehensive discussion of trialities is given, incorporating a number of…

In this paper, we present the problem of counting magic squares and we focus on the case of multiplicative magic squares of order 4. We give the exact number of normal multiplicative magic squares of order 4 with an original and complete…

Let $(\Gamma,+)$ be an Abelian group of order $n^2$. A $\Gamma$-magic square of order $n$ is an $n\times n$ array whose entries are pairwise distinct elements of $\Gamma$ such that all row sums, column sums, and the two main diagonal sums…

We define a magic square to be a square matrix whose entries are nonnegative integers and whose rows, columns, and main diagonals sum up to the same number. We prove structural results for the number of such squares as a function of the…

Magic squares are arrangements of natural numbers into square arrays, where the sum of each row, each column, and both diagonals is the same. In this paper, the concept of a magic square with 3 rows and 3 columns is generalized to define…

Classification theory and the study of projective varieties which are covered by rational curves of minimal degrees naturally leads to the study of families of singular rational curves. Since families of arbitrarily singular curves are hard…

It is unknown at present whether a magic square of squared integers exists. Such an object is defined to be a 3 by 3 grid of 9 distinct integer squares, such that the entries of each row, column, and two main diagonals sum to the same…

A classical result asserts that the complex projective plane modulo complex conjugation is the 4-dimensional sphere. We generalize this result in two directions by considering the projective planes over the normed real division algebras and…

Magic squares are well-known arrangements of integers with common row, column, and diagonal sums. Various other magic shapes have been proposed, but triangles have been somewhat overlooked. We introduce certain triangular arrangements of…

Fake projective planes are smooth complex surfaces of general type with Betti numbers equal to those of the usual projective plane. They come in complex conjugate pairs and have been classified as quotients of the two-dimensional ball by…

A recent paper showed how to find sets of finite affine or projective planes constructed on a common set of points, so that lines of one plane meet lines of a different plane in at most two points. In this paper, those results are…

We propose graph theoretic equivalents for existence of a finite projective plane. We then develop a new approach and see that the problem of existence of a finite projective plane of order n is linked up with a subset of sharply 2…

In recreational mathematics, a normal magic square is an $n \times n$ square matrix whose entries are distinctly the integers $1 \ldots n^2$, such that each row, column, and major and minor traces sum to one constant $\mu$. It has been…

We will see that every finite projective plane of order k > 1 gives rise to a complete set of (k-1) MPLS (= mutually projective latin squares) of order k and by reversing the process we can construct a finite projective plane of order k…

A number is perfect if it is the sum of its proper divisors; here we call a finite group `perfect' if its order is the sum of the orders of its proper normal subgroups. (This conflicts with standard terminology but confusion should not…