Related papers: Is a global virtual currency with universal accept…
Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) have been implemented by only a handful of countries, but they are being explored by many more. CBDCs are digital currencies issued and backed by a central bank. Consumer trust can encourage or…
Bitcoin has demonstrated there are many security improvements applicable to normal currency. As the human race expands and we colonize other planets, we have to consider how we are going to extend integral parts of of society, and that…
A multidimensional financial system could provide benefits for individuals, companies, and states. Instead of top-down control, which is destined to eventually fail in a hyperconnected world, a bottom-up creation of value can unleash…
Cryptocurrencies have evolved into an important asset class, providing a variety of benefits. However, they also present significant risks, such as market volatility and the potential for misuse in illegal activities. These risks underline…
E-Commerce offers the banking industry great opportunity, but also creates a set of new risks and vulnerability such as security threats. Information security, therefore, is an essential management and technical requirement for any…
The use of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum in performing online transactions has been on the rise in the world. Africa as a continent is not left out in the adoption of blockchain and cryptocurrencies. This paper explores the…
We present a scalable architecture for electronic retail payments via central bank digital currency and offer a solution to the perceived conflict between robust regulatory oversight and consumer affordances such as privacy and control. Our…
Classical monetary systems regularly subject the most vulnerable majority of the world's population to debilitating financial shocks, and have manifestly allowed uncontrolled global inequality over the long term. Given these basic failures,…
Crypto Currencies have recently gained enormous popularity amongst the general public. With each passing day, more and more companies are radically accepting crypto cur-rencies in their payment systems, paving way for an economic…
With the emergence of Bitcoin and recently proposed stablecoins from BigTechs, such as Diem (formerly Libra), central banks face growing competition from private actors offering their own digital alternative to physical cash. We do not…
Web based e-banking is becoming an important aspect of worldwide commerce. The United Nations predicts 17% of purchases by firms and individuals will be conducted online by 2006. The future of Web-based e-banking in developed areas appears…
Bitcoins have emerged as a possible competitor to usual currencies, but other crypto-currencies have likewise appeared as competitors to the Bitcoin currency. The expanding market of crypto-currencies now involves capital equivalent to…
Quantum money represents an innovative approach to currency by encoding economic value within the quantum states of physical systems, utilizing the principles of quantum mechanics to enhance security, integrity, and transferability. This…
As the first decentralized digital currency introduced in 2009 together with the blockchain, Bitcoin offers new opportunities both for developed and developing countries. Bitcoin peer-to-peer transactions are independent of the banking…
We develop the first basic Operational Risk perspective on key risk management issues associated with the development of new forms of electronic currency in the real economy. In particular, we focus on understanding the development of new…
This paper takes the development of Central bank digital currencies as a perspective, introduces it into the Baumol-Tobin money demand theoretical framework, establishes the transactional money demand model under Central bank Digital…
Many reports regarding online fraud in varieties media create skepticism for conducting transactions online, especially through an open network such as the Internet, which offers no security whatsoever. Therefore, encryption technology is…
The world of cryptocurrency is not transparent enough though it was established for innate transparent tracking of capital flows. The most contributing factor is the violation of securities laws and scam in Initial Coin Offering (ICO) which…
Numerous electronic cash schemes have been proposed over the years - however none have been embraced by financial institutions as an alternative to fiat currency. David Chaum's ecash scheme was the closest to something that mimicked a…
The last decade has been marked by the evolution of cryptocurrencies, which have captured the interest of the public through the offered opportunities and the feeling of freedom, resulting from decentralization and lack of authority to…