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We describe the design, construction, and performance of an ultra-low temperature, high-field scanning tunneling microscope (STM) with two independent tips. The STM is mounted on a dilution refrigerator and operates at a base temperature of…
We report a detailed three-step roadmap for the fabrication and characterization of bulk Cr tips for spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy. Our strategy uniquely circumvents the need for ultra-high vacuum preparation of clean…
We describe a first principles method to calculate scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images, and compare the results to well-characterized experiments combining STM with atomic force microscopy (AFM). The theory is based on density…
A Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) is one of the most important scanning probe tools available to study and manipulate matter at the nanoscale. In a STM, a tip is scanned on top of a surface with a separation of a few \AA. Often, the…
For a successful point-contact spectroscopy (PCS) measurement, metallic tips of proper shape and smoothness are essential to ensure the ballistic nature of a point-contact junction. Until recently, the fabrication of Au tips suitable for…
We present a recipe based on field-directed Ar ion etching of iron tips that results in probes suitable for stable spin-polarized scanning tunneling spectroscopy. This is illustrated by a measurement of the spectroscopic mapping of the…
Multi-tip scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is a powerful method to perform charge transport measurements at the nanoscale. With four STM tips positioned on the surface of a sample, four-point resistance measurements can be performed in…
Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) images of regularly arranged spatially periodic objects can be processed crystallographically. The resulting information may be used to remove from the SPM image distortions that are due to a less than…
We present a very efficient and accurate method to simulate scanning tunneling microscopy images and spectra from first-principles density functional calculations. The wave-functions of the tip and sample are calculated separately on the…
The platinum/iridium (Pt/Ir) alloy tip for scanning probe microscopy (SPM) was fabricated by amplitude-modulated alternating-current (AC) electropolishing. The clean tips with a radius of curvature less than 100 nm were reproducibly…
Transmission electron microscopy has become a major characterisation tool with an ever increasing variety of methods being applied in wide range of scientific fields. However, the probably most famous pitfall in related workflows is the…
Atomic scale characterization and manipulation with scanning probe microscopy rely upon the use of an atomically sharp probe. Here we present automated methods based on machine learning to automatically detect and recondition the quality of…
We extend the orbital-dependent electron tunneling model implemented within the three-dimensional (3D) Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) atom-superposition approach for simulating scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) by including arbitrary tip…
Superconducting scanning tunneling microscope tips have been fabricated with a high degree of reproducibility. The fabrication process relies on sequential deposition of superconducting Pb and a proximity-coupled Ag capping layer onto a…
We describe the construction and performance of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) capable of taking maps of the tunneling density of states with sub-atomic spatial resolution at dilution refrigerator temperatures and high (14 T)…
A sparse modeling approach is proposed for analyzing scanning tunneling microscopy topography data, which contains numerous peaks corresponding to surface atoms. The method, based on the relevance vector machine with $\mathrm{L}_1$…
Crystallographic image processing (CIP) techniques may be utilized in scanning probe microscopy (SPM) to glean information that has been obscured by signals from multiple probe tips. This may be of particular importance for scanning…
Machine learning (ML) methods are extraordinarily successful at denoising photographic images. The application of such denoising methods to scientific images is, however, often complicated by the difficulty in experimentally obtaining a…
To obtain maximal resolution in STM and AFM, the size of the protruding tip orbital has to be minimized. Beryllium as tip material is a promising candidate for enhanced resolution because a beryllium atom has just four electrons, leading to…
We present a probe-type scanning tunneling microscope (STM) with atomic resolution that is designed to be directly inserted and work in a harsh vibrational cryogen-free superconducting magnet system. When a commercial variable temperature…