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Related papers: Quantifying properties of hot and dense QCD matter…

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The article considers a way to compare large bulks of experimental data with theoretical calculations, in which the quality of theoretical models is clearly demonstrated graphically. The main idea of the method consists in grouping physical…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-02-09 V. A. Kizka

The quark-gluon plasma (QGP) produced in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions has exhibited properties of a mostly perfect fluid. These properties can be observed through the hydrodynamic expansion of the QGP. Experimentally, this was…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-05-21 Victor Valencia Torres

We review the quark coalescence model for hadronization in relativistic heavy ion collisions and show how it can explain the observed large baryon to meson ratio at intermediate transverse momentum and scaling of the elliptic flows of…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 V. Greco , C. M. Ko

We investigate the implications of a nonzero bulk viscosity coefficient on the azimuthal momentum anisotropy of ultracentral relativistic heavy ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. We find that, with IP-Glasma initial conditions, a…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-22 J. -B. Rose , J. -F. Paquet , G. S. Denicol , M. Luzum , B. Schenke , S. Jeon , C. Gale

Nonequilibrium models (three-fluid hydrodynamics, UrQMD, and quark molecular dynamics) are used to discuss the uniqueness of often proposed experimental signatures for quark matter formation in relativistic heavy ion collisions from the SPS…

We provide an overview of the present understanding of the transition from hadrons to a quark-gluon plasma, its signatures, and the experimental results so far. We discuss results of numerical simulations of the lattice gauge theory and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-07-18 John W. Harris , Berndt Müller

We apply a 3+1D viscous hydrodynamic + cascade model to the heavy ion collision reactions with $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=6.3\dots39$ GeV. To accommodate the model for a given collision energy range, the initial conditions for hydrodynamic phase are…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-09-08 Iu. Karpenko , M. Bleicher , P. Huovinen , H. Petersen

We posit a unified hydrodynamic and microscopic description of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) produced in ultrarelativistic $p$-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}=5.02$ TeV and evaluate our assertion using Bayesian inference.…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-02-26 J. Scott Moreland , Jonah E. Bernhard , Steffen A. Bass

Sufficiently energetic collisions of heavy ions result in the formation of a droplet of a strongly coupled liquid state of QCD matter known as quark-gluon plasma. By using gauge-gravity duality (holography), a model of a rapidly…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-12-25 Åsmund Folkestad , Sašo Grozdanov , Krishna Rajagopal , Wilke van der Schee

In high-energy heavy-ion collisions, a nearly perfect fluid is formed, known as the strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma (QGP). After a short thermalization period, the evolution of this medium can be described by the equations of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-10 Gábor László Kasza

The relationship between RHIC and HERA data is explored using the idea of saturation (color glass condensate) as a unifying framework for interpretation. A description of the early stages of a heavy ion collision is given with the RHIC…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-01-25 Alfred H. Mueller

Bayesian methods are used to constrain the density dependence of the QCD Equation of State (EoS) for dense nuclear matter using the data of mean transverse kinetic energy and elliptic flow of protons from heavy ion collisions (HIC), in the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-11-20 Manjunath Omana Kuttan , Jan Steinheimer , Kai Zhou , Horst Stoecker

Using a viscous hydrodynamic model coupled to a hadronic cascade code, numerous features of the dynamics and equilibrium properties are explored for their impact on femtoscopic measurements. The equation of state, viscous parameters and…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-11-18 Scott Pratt , Joshua Vredevoogd

The discovery and characterization of hot and dense QCD matter, known as Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), remains the most international collaborative effort and synergy between theorists and experimentalists in modern nuclear physics to date. The…

Relativistic hydrodynamics for ideal and viscous fluids is discussed as a tool to describe relativistic heavy-ion collisions and to extract transport properties of the quark-gluon plasma from experimentally measured hadron momentum spectra.

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-05-13 Ulrich W. Heinz

An introduction to dynamical microscopic models of hadronic and nuclear interactions is presented. Special emphasis is put in the relation between multiparticle production and total cross-section contributions. In heavy ion collisions, some…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-25 A. Capella

Collisions between heavy atomic nuclei at ultra-relativistic energies are carried out at particle colliders to produce the quark-gluon plasma, a state of matter where quarks and gluons are not confined into hadrons, and colour degrees of…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-10-01 Fernando G. Gardim , Giuliano Giacalone , Matthew Luzum , Jean-Yves Ollitrault

Heavy-ion collision is an important tool to understand the dense nuclear matter properties. In order to understand the results of the heavy-ion collision experiments, both theoretical approaches to dense nuclear matter using effective…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2026-03-31 Dae Ik Kim , Chang-Hwan Lee , Youngman Kim , Sangyong Jeon

We review the history and success of applying relativistic hydrodynamics to high-energy heavy-ion collisions. We emphasize the important role hydrodynamics has played in the discovery of the quark-gluon plasma and its quantitative…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-12-30 Ulrich Heinz , Björn Schenke