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We present the capabilities of the CMS experiment to explore the heavy-ion physics program offered by the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The prime goal of this research is to test the fundamental theory of the strong interaction (QCD) in…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-13 Olga Kodolova , Michael Murray

Collective flow, its anisotropies and its event-to-event fluctuations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, and the extraction of the specific shear viscosity of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) from collective flow data collected in heavy-ion…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-08-05 Ulrich W Heinz , Raimond Snellings

Hard probes are indispensable tools to study the hot and dense quark-gluon matter created in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions. These probes are created in the collision itself with a small cross section, and they serve as indicators…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2019-05-28 Gábor I. Veres

We study the transport properties of strongly interacting matter in the context of ultrarelativistic heavy ion collision experiments. We calculate the transport coefficients viz. shear viscosity ($\eta$) and electrical conductivity…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-06-01 Lata Thakur , P. K. Srivastava , Guru Prakash Kadam , Manu George , Hiranmaya Mishra

Among the key features of hot and dense QCD matter produced in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC is its very low shear viscosity, indicative of the properties of a near-ideal fluid, and a large opacity demonstrated by jet…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2010-12-09 John Fuini , Nasser S. Demir , Dinesh K. Srivastava , Steffen A. Bass

In heavy-ion collisions, the quark-gluon plasma is produced far from equilibrium. This regime is currently inaccessible by quantum chromodynamics (QCD) computations. We calculate shear transport and entropy far from equilibrium in a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-12-30 Michael F. Wondrak , Matthias Kaminski , Marcus Bleicher

In this paper, we propose a method for numerical modeling of the nuclear matter properties within the framework of relativistic heavy-ion collisions using a holographic equation of state. Machine learning methods were applied to address the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2026-02-03 A. V. Anufriev , V. N. Kovalenko

The transport properties of the quark gluon plasma (QGP) are studied in a QCD medium at finite temperature and chemical potential. We calculate the shear viscosity $\eta(T,\mu_q)$ and the electric conductivity $\sigma_e(T,\mu_q)$ for a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-11 Hamza Berrehrah , Elena Bratkovskaya , Wolfgang Cassing , Rudy Marty

Ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions at the laboratory provide a unique chance to study quantum chromodynamics (QCD) under extreme temperature (${\approx}150\,\mathrm{MeV}$) and density (${\approx}1\,\mathrm{GeV}/\mathrm{fm}^3$)…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2020-10-30 Georgios Konstantinos Krintiras

We review the transport properties of the strongly interacting quark-gluon plasma (QGP) created in heavy-ion collisions at ultrarelativistic energies, i.e. out-of equilibrium, and compare them to the equilibrium properties. The description…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-12-15 Olga Soloveva , Pierre Moreau , Elena Bratkovskaya

The goal of the ultra-relativistic heavy ion program is to study Quantum Chromodynamics under finite temperature and density conditions. After a couple of decades of experiment, the focus at the top RHIC and the LHC energy has evolved to…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2018-10-03 Xin Dong

At high temperatures or densities matter formed by strongly interacting elementary particles (hadronic matter) is expected to undergo a transition to a new form of matter - the quark gluon plasma - in which elementary particles (quarks and…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2009-11-11 Frithjof Karsch

Jet quenching is considered to be one of the signatures of the formation of quark gluon plasma. In order to investigate the jet quenching, it is necessary to detect jets produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions, determine their…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 S. C. Phatak , P. K. Sahu

Substantial collective flow is observed in collisions between large nuclei at high energy, and the data are well-reproduced by perfect fluid dynamics. In a separate development, calculation of the dimensionless ratio of shear viscosity…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-08-01 Joseph I. Kapusta

Substantial collective flow is observed in collisions between large nuclei at high energy, as evidenced by single-particle transverse momentum distributions and by azimuthal correlations among the produced particles. The data are…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Joseph I. Kapusta

The formation of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in relativistic heavy ion collision, is expected to be accompanied by a background of ordinary collision events without phase transition. In this short note an algorithm is proposed to select the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Liu Lianshou , Chen Qinghua , Hu Yuan

There are strong indications that ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions, produced in accelarators, lead to the formation of a new state of matter: the quark gluon plasma (QGP). This deconfined QCD matter is expected to exist just for very…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-03-24 Nelson R. F. Braga , Rodrigo da Mata

We investigate the possibility of selecting heavy ion collision events with certain features in the initial state ("event engineering"). Anisotropic flow measurements in heavy ion reactions have confirmed the almost ideal fluid dynamical…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-11-13 Hannah Petersen , Berndt Muller

Using our developed new relativistic viscous hydrodynamics code, we investigate the temperature dependence of shear and bulk viscosities from comparison with the ALICE data: single particle spectra and collective flows of Pb+Pb…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-01-08 Kazuhisa Okamoto , Chiho Nonaka

We revisit the D-measure of event-by-event net-electric charge fluctuations, an idea first introduced over 20 years ago as a potential signature for the presence of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in heavy-ion collisions. We developed a…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-09-22 Jonathan Parra , Roman Poberezhniuk , Volker Koch , Claudia Ratti , Volodymyr Vovchenko