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X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) is a crucial technique for material surface analysis, yet interpreting its spectra is often challenging for both human analysts and automated methods due to the prevalence of variable spectral shifts…

The field of speech processing has undergone a transformative shift with the advent of deep learning. The use of multiple processing layers has enabled the creation of models capable of extracting intricate features from speech data. This…

Standard deep neural networks (DNNs) are commonly trained in an end-to-end fashion for specific tasks such as object recognition, face identification, or character recognition, among many examples. This specificity often leads to…

In recent years, deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown record-shattering performance in a variety of computer vision problems, such as visual object recognition, detection and segmentation. These methods have also been…

Improving the generalization ability of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) is critical for their practical uses, which has been a longstanding challenge. Some theoretical studies have uncovered that DNNs have preferences for some frequency…

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) achieved the state-of-the-art performance in medical image segmentation due to their ability to extract highly complex feature representations. However, it is argued in recent studies that traditional…

Machine learning has the potential to become an important tool in quantum error correction as it allows the decoder to adapt to the error distribution of a quantum chip. An additional motivation for using neural networks is the fact that…

Decoding non-invasive brain recordings is pivotal for advancing our understanding of human cognition but faces challenges due to individual differences and complex neural signal representations. Traditional methods often require customized…

Deep learning, as a highly efficient method for metasurface inverse design, commonly use simulation data to train deep neural networks (DNNs) that can map desired functionalities to proper metasurface designs. However, the assumptions and…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved unprecedented performance on a wide range of complex tasks, rapidly outpacing our understanding of the nature of their solutions. This has caused a recent surge of interest in methods for rendering…

MRI-based modeling of brain networks has been widely used to understand functional and structural interactions and connections among brain regions, and factors that affect them, such as brain development and disease. Graph mining on brain…

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have advanced applications in domains such as healthcare, autonomous systems, and scene understanding, yet the internal semantics of their hidden neurons remain poorly understood. Prior work introduced a Concept…

Thomson scattering (TS) diagnostics provide reliable, minimally perturbative measurements of fundamental plasma parameters, such as electron density ($n_e$) and electron temperature ($T_e$). Deep neural networks can provide accurate…

We propose a novel deep convolutional neural network (CNN) based multi-task learning approach for open-set visual recognition. We combine a classifier network and a decoder network with a shared feature extractor network within a multi-task…

Motivated by recent work on deep neural network (DNN)-based image compression methods showing potential improvements in image quality, savings in storage, and bandwidth reduction, we propose to perform image understanding tasks such as…

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) learn representation from data with an impressive capability, and brought important breakthroughs for processing images, time-series, natural language, audio, video, and many others. In the remote sensing field,…

Automatic segmentation of brain glioma from multimodal MRI scans plays a key role in clinical trials and practice. Unfortunately, manual segmentation is very challenging, time-consuming, costly, and often inaccurate despite human expertise…

Deep learning has been successfully applied to a variety of image classification tasks. There has been keen interest to apply deep learning in the medical domain, particularly specialties that heavily utilize imaging, such as ophthalmology.…

Nonlinear methods such as Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are the gold standard for various challenging machine learning problems, e.g., image classification, natural language processing or human action recognition. Although these methods…

Deep neural networks (DNN) are the state of the art on many engineering problems such as computer vision and audition. A key factor in the success of the DNN is scalability - bigger networks work better. However, the reason for this…