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The original theory of quasi-metric gravity, admitting only a partial coupling between space-time geometry and the active stress-energy tensor, is too restricted to allow the existence of gravitational waves in vacuum. Therefore, said…
In this work, one examines how the presence of a non-minimal coupling between the spacetime curvature and matter affects the evolution of cosmological perturbations around a homogeneous and isotropic Universe and hence the formation of…
This thesis explores the cosmological implications of modified gravity, focusing on nonmetricity-based $f(Q)$ gravity as an alternative to the $\Lambda$CDM model in explaining cosmic acceleration. Chapter I lays the theoretical groundwork…
We develop the reconstruction program for the number of modified gravities: scalar-tensor theory, $f(R)$, $F(G)$ and string-inspired, scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity. The known (classical) universe expansion history is used for the explicit and…
In this letter, we investigate the cosmic expansion scenario of the universe in the framework of $f(R,L_m)$ gravity theory. We consider a non-linear $f(R,L_m)$ model, specifically, $f(R,L_m)=\frac{R}{2}+L_m^n + \beta$, where $n$ and $\beta$…
We extend the fully non-linear and exact cosmological perturbation equations in a Friedmann background universe to include the background curvature. The perturbation equations are presented in a gauge ready form, so any temporal gauge…
Over the last few years much attention has been given to the study of modified gravity theories in order to find a more natural explanation for the late time acceleration of the Universe. Nevertheless, a comparison of the matter power…
In the last century, theoretical and experimental developments have established the General Relativity theory as the most successful theory for describing the gravitational phenomenon. On the other hand, in the last two decades, multiple…
We present a class of theories of two dimensional gravity which admits homogeneous and isotropic solutions that are nonsingular and asymptotically approach a FRW matter dominated universe at late times. These models are generalizations of…
Using numerical methods, we examine the dynamics of nonlinear perturbations in the expanding time direction, under a Gowdy symmetry assumption, of FLRW fluid solutions to the Einstein-Euler equations with a positive cosmological constant…
Modified Newtonian equations for gravitational orbits in the expanding universe indicate that local gravitationally bounded systems like galaxies and planetary systems are unaffected by the expansion of the Universe. This result is derived…
We consider a model for gravity that is invariant under global scale transformations. It includes one extra real scalar field coupled non-minimally to the gravity fields. In this model all the dimensionful parameters like the gravitational…
We perform a systematic study of various versions of massive gravity with and without violation of Lorentz symmetry in arbitrary dimension. These theories are well known to possess very unusual properties, unfamiliar from studies of gauge…
We numerically study, under a Gowdy symmetry assumption, nonlinear perturbations of the decelerated FLRW fluid solutions to the Einstein-Euler system toward the future for linear equations of state $p=K\rho$ with $0\leq K\leq 1$. This…
Relativistic scalar fields are ubiquitous in modified theories of gravity. An important tool in understanding their impact on structure formation, especially in the context of N-body simulations, is the quasi-static approximation in which…
Modern astrophysical and cosmological models are plagued with two severe theoretical difficulties, namely, the dark energy and the dark matter problems. Relative to the former, high-precision observational data have confirmed with startling…
Cosmology in extended theories of gravity is considered assuming the Palatini variational principle, for which the metric and connection are independent variables. The field equations are derived to linear order in perturbations about the…
We give a rigorous and mathematically clear presentation of the Covariant and Gauge Invariant theory of gravitational waves in a perturbed Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker universe for Fourth Order Gravity, where the matter is described…
We study the cosmology of general massive gravity theories with five propagating degrees of freedom. This large class of theories includes both the case with a residual Lorentz invariance as the cases with simpler rotational invariance. We…
Late-time cosmology in the extended cuscuton theory is studied, in which gravity is modified while one still has no extra dynamical degrees of freedom other than two tensor modes. We present a simple example admitting analytic solutions for…