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Soil moisture (SM) plays a critical role in hydrological and meteorological processes. High-resolution SM can be obtained by combining coarse passive microwave data with fine-scale auxiliary variables. However, the inversion of SM at the…
We report the results of an effort to measure the low frequency portion of the spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMB), using a balloon-borne instrument called ARCADE (Absolute Radiometer for Cosmology, Astrophysics, and…
The absolute temperature of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) has been measured at a frequency of 1280 MHz. The observation was made with a modified version of the L-band receiver used in the Giant Metre wavelength Radio Telescope…
Extensive resonance structures are manifest in R-Matrix (RM) calculations. However, there exist a large number of highly excited electronic configurations that may contribute to background non-resonant bound-free opacity in high-temperature…
The lensing power spectrum from cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature maps will be measured with unprecedented precision with upcoming experiments, including upgrades to ACT and SPT. Achieving significant improvements in…
Empirical estimates of the band power covariance matrix are commonly used in cosmic microwave background (CMB) power spectrum analyses. While this approach easily captures correlations in the data, noise in the resulting covariance estimate…
Super resolution offers a way to harness medium even lowresolution but historically valuable remote sensing image archives. Generative models, especially diffusion models, have recently been applied to remote sensing super resolution…
Radio absorptive materials (RAMs) are key elements for receivers in the millimeter-wave range. For astronomical applications, cryogenic receivers are widely used to achieve a high-sensitivity. These cryogenic receivers, in particular the…
The study of protein functions attributed to the conformation and fluctuation that are ruled by both the amino acid sequence and thermodynamics, requires thermodynamic quantities given by calorimetry using thermometric techniques. The…
Due to computational constraints, running global climate models (GCMs) for many years requires a lower spatial grid resolution (${\gtrsim}50$ km) than is optimal for accurately resolving important physical processes. Such processes are…
We develop a new method to reconstruct the power spectrum of primordial curvature perturbations, $P(k)$, by using both the temperature and polarization spectra of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). We test this method using several mock…
Robust regression models in the presence of outliers have significant practical relevance in areas such as signal processing, financial econometrics, and energy management. Many existing robust regression methods, either grounded in…
This study aims to develop and improve machine learning-based post-processing models for precipitation, temperature, and wind speed predictions using the Mesoscale Model (MSM) dataset provided by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) for 18…
A major goal of upcoming experiments measuring the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) is to reveal the subtle signature of inflation in the polarization pattern which requires unprecedented sensitivity and control of systematics.…
We describe an improved statistical downscaling method for Earth science applications using multivariate Basis Graphical Lasso (BGL). We demonstrate our method using a case study of sea surface temperature (SST) projections from CMIP6 Earth…
According to a recent investigation, an estimated 33-50% of the world's coral reefs have undergone degradation, believed to be as a result of climate change. A strong driver of climate change and the subsequent environmental impact are…
Temperature sensors with micro- and nanoscale spatial resolution have long been explored for their potential to investigate the details of physical systems at an unprecedented scale. In particular, the rapid miniaturization of transistor…
Sharpness-aware minimization (SAM), which searches for flat minima by min-max optimization, has been shown to be useful in improving model generalization. However, since each SAM update requires computing two gradients, its computational…
Climate change is one of the most critical challenges that our planet is facing today. Rising global temperatures are already bringing noticeable changes to Earth's weather and climate patterns with an increased frequency of unpredictable…
In the present study, we developed algorithms that are capable of measuring apparent magnitudes and the effective temperature of stars using raw images shot with amateur telescopes. The regularized Radial Basis Function (RBF) network, one…