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Shor's factoring algorithm uses two quantum registers. By introducing more registers we show that the measured numbers in these registers which are of the same pre-measurement state, should be equal if the original Shor's complexity…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-09-26 Zhengjun Cao , Zhenfu Cao

Shor's algorithm for integer factorization offers an exponential speedup over classical methods but remains impractical on Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) hardware due to the need for many coherent qubits and very deep circuits.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Alok Shukla , Prakash Vedula

Shor's algorithm is one of the most important quantum algorithm proposed by Peter Shor [Proceedings of the 35th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, 1994, pp. 124--134]. Shor's algorithm can factor a large integer with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-14 Ligang Xiao , Daowen Qiu , Le Luo , Paulo Mateus

With current technologies, it seems to be very difficult to implement quantum computers with many qubits. It is therefore of importance to simulate quantum algorithms and circuits on the existing computers. However, for a large-size…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Jumpei Niwa , Keiji Matsumoto , Hiroshi Imai

Large-scale quantum computation is likely to require massive quantum error correction (QEC). QEC codes and circuits are described via the stabilizer formalism, which represents stabilizer states by keeping track of the operators that…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2013-08-09 Hector J. Garcia , Igor L. Markov , Andrew W. Cross

Prime factorization on quantum processors is typically implemented either via circuit-based approaches such as Shor's algorithm or through Hamiltonian optimization methods based on adiabatic, annealing, or variational techniques. While…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-26 K. B. Hari Krishnan , Vishal Varma , T. S. Mahesh

State preparation is a necessary component of many quantum algorithms. In this work, we combine a method for efficiently representing smooth differentiable probability distributions using matrix product states with recently discovered…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-19 Jason Iaconis , Sonika Johri , Elton Yechao Zhu

Quantum algorithms face significant challenges due to qubit susceptibility to environmental noise, and quantum error correction typically requires prohibitive resource overhead. This paper proposes that quantum algorithms may possess…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Fusheng Yang , Zhipeng Liang , Zhengzhong Yi , Xuan Wang

A revised version of the massively parallel simulator of a universal quantum computer, described in this journal eleven years ago, is used to benchmark various gate-based quantum algorithms on some of the most powerful supercomputers that…

We use Shor's algorithm for the computation of elliptic curve private keys as a case study for resource estimates in the silicon-photonics-inspired active-volume architecture. Here, a fault-tolerant surface-code quantum computer consists of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-16 Daniel Litinski

We describe an array of quantum gates implementing Shor's algorithm for prime factorization in a quantum computer. The array includes a circuit for modular exponentiation with several subcomponents (such as controlled multipliers, adders,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Cesar Miquel , Juan Pablo Paz , Roberto Perazzo

With the advancement of quantum technologies, there is a potential threat to traditional encryption systems based on integer factorization. Therefore, developing techniques for accurately measuring the performance of associated quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-20 Junseo Lee

The intermediate quantum states of multiple qubits, generated during the operation of Shor's factoring algorithm are analyzed. Their entanglement is evaluated using the Groverian measure. It is found that the entanglement is generated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Yishai Shimoni , Daniel Shapira , Ofer Biham

A quantum processor (QuP) can be used to exploit quantum mechanics to find the prime factors of composite numbers[1]. Compiled versions of Shor's algorithm have been demonstrated on ensemble quantum systems[2] and photonic systems[3-5],…

In this paper, we briefly discuss the methodology for simulating a quantum computer which performs Shor's algorithm on a 7-qubit system to factorise 15. Using this simulation and the overlooked quantum brachistochrone method, we devised a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-25 Vlad Cărare , Alejandro Cros Carrillo de Albornoz , John Taylor

Quantum information processing and its associated technologies has reached an interesting and timely stage in their development where many different experiments have been performed establishing the basic building blocks. The challenge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-12 Simon J. Devitt , Ashley M. Stephens , William J. Munro , Kae Nemoto

A precise estimation of the computational complexity in Shor's factoring algorithm under the condition that the large integer we want to factorize is composed by the product of two prime numbers, is derived by the results related to number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-01-11 K. Kuriyama , S. Sano , S. Furuichi

We demonstrate how the matrix-product state formalism provides a flexible structure to solve the constrained optimization problem associated with the sequential generation of entangled multiqubit states under experimental restrictions. We…

Fault-tolerant quantum error correction (QEC) is crucial for unlocking the true power of quantum computers. QEC codes use multiple physical qubits to encode a logical qubit, which is protected against errors at the physical qubit level.…

We study effects of imperfections induced by residual couplings between qubits on the accuracy of Shor's algorithm using numerical simulations of realistic quantum computations with up to 30 qubits. The factoring of numbers up to N=943 show…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-09-06 Ignacio Garcia-Mata , Klaus M. Frahm , Dima L. Shepelyansky