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Probabilistic description of results of measurements and its consequences for understanding quantum mechanics are discussed. It is shown that the basic mathematical structure of quantum mechanics like the probability amplitudes, Born rule,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 L. Skala , V. Kapsa

Quantum mechanics has irked physicists ever since its conception more than 100 years ago. While some of the misgivings, such as it being unintuitive, are merely aesthetic, quantum mechanics has one serious shortcoming: it lacks a physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-07 S. Hossenfelder , T. N. Palmer

Understanding the core content of quantum mechanics requires us to disentangle the hidden logical relationships between the postulates of this theory. Here we show that the mathematical structure of quantum measurements, the formula for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-02 Lluís Masanes , Thomas D. Galley , Markus P. Müller

I show that probabilities in quantum mechanics are a measure of belief in the presence of human ignorance, just like all other probabilities. The Born interpretation of the square of modulus of the wave function arises from the interaction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Frank J. Tipler

Quantum Mechanics of photons leads to a theory of Quantum Gravity that nicely matches the experimental results of varying fine structure constant,obtained from many-multiplet Quaser absorption systems and atomic clocks.The variation of that…

General Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Pradip Kumar Chatterjee

In previous articles we presented a derivation of Born's rule and unitary transforms in Quantum Mechanics (QM), from a simple set of axioms built upon a physical phenomenology of quantization. Physically, the structure of QM results of an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-04 Alexia Auffèves , Philippe Grangier

I. The arena of quantum mechanics and quantum field theory is the abstract, unobserved and unobservable, M-dimensional formal Hilbert space [not equal to] spacetime. II. The arena of observations and, more generally, of all events (i.e.…

General Physics · Physics 2023-10-05 Johan Hansson

Throughout quantum mechanics there is statistical balance, in the collective response of an ensemble of systems to differing measurement types. Statistical balance is a core feature of quantum mechanics, underlying quantum mechanical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-31 Brian Drummond

The measurement postulate of quantum theory stands in conflict with the laws of thermodynamics and has evoked debate regarding what actually constitutes a measurement. With the help of modern quantum statistical mechanics, we take the first…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-16 Emanuel Schwarzhans , Felix C. Binder , Marcus Huber , Maximilian P. E. Lock

Quantum mechanics for a four-state-system is derived from classical statistics. Entanglement, interference, the difference between identical fermions or bosons and the unitary time evolution find an interpretation within a classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-06 C. Wetterich

Quantum theory encounters a difficulty when attempting to describe recording devices. If the recording is of events in which quantum uncertainty plays a role, such as an experiment on a quantum system, quantum theory is unable to correctly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Eric Tesse

Quantum measurement and quantum operation theory is developed here by taking the relational properties among quantum systems, instead of the independent properties of a quantum system, as the most fundamental elements. By studying how the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-20 Jianhao M. Yang

Quantum gravity may modify the fundamental symmetries that govern identical particles. In particular, noncommutative spacetime frameworks predict deformations of Bose and Fermi statistics. Here we develop a relativistic quantum field theory…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-27 Nicola Bortolotti , Catalina Curceanu , Antonino Marciano , Kristian Piscicchia

The unsatisfactory status of the search for a consistent and predictive quantization of gravity is taken as motivation to study the question whether geometrical laws could be more fundamental than quantization procedures. In such an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-05-18 Benjamin Koch

In the Quantum-Bayesian interpretation of quantum theory (or QBism), the Born Rule cannot be interpreted as a rule for setting measurement-outcome probabilities from an objective quantum state. But if not, what is the role of the rule? In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-12 Christopher A. Fuchs , Ruediger Schack

The Bohmian formulation of quantum mechanics is used in order to describe the measurement process in an intuitive way without a reduction postulate in the framework of a deterministic single system theory. Thereby the motion of the hidden…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 H. Geiger , G. Obermair , Ch. Helm

Despite the unparalleled accuracy of quantum-theoretical predictions across an enormous range of phenomena, the theory's foundations are still in doubt. The theory deviates radically from classical physics, predicts counterintuitive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-14 Art Hobson

Biconformal spaces contain the essential elements of quantum mechanics, making the independent imposition of quantization unnecessary. Based on three postulates characterizing motion and measurement in biconformal geometry, we derive…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-11-11 Lara B. Anderson , James T. Wheeler

This is a review of the issue of randomness in quantum mechanics, with special emphasis on its ambiguity; for example, randomness has different antipodal relationships to determinism, computability, and compressibility. Following a…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2020-02-19 Klaas Landsman

Both statistics and quantum theory deal with prediction using probability. We will show that there can be established a connection between these two areas. This will at the same time suggest a new, less formalistic way of looking upon basic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-07-10 Inge S. Helland