Related papers: Heat Transfer and Cooling Techniques at Low Temper…
An accurate analysis of the conduction heat transfer in a cryogenic flask is made and some useful formulae are derived. Taking into account the temperature dependence of conductivity and tensile strength of the supporting rods for a helium…
This chapter gives an overview of the principles of low temperature refrigeration and the thermodynamics behind it. Basic cryogenic processes - Joule-Thomoson process, Brayton process as well as Claude process - are described and compared.…
Heat can generally transfer via thermal conduction, thermal radiation, and thermal convection. All the existing theories of transformation thermotics and optics can treat thermal conduction and thermal radiation, respectively.…
The demand for sophisticated tools and approaches in heat management and control has triggered fast development of emerging fields including conductive thermal metamaterials, nanophononics, far-field and near-field radiative thermal…
The present article discusses the impact of liquid coolant subcooling on multiphase fluid flow and boiling heat transfer in porous media with internal heat generation. Although extremely relevant and important, only limited studies are…
The detailed mathematical model of heat and mass transfer of steel ingot of curvilinear continuous casting machine is proposed. The process of heat and mass transfer is described by nonlinear partial differential equations of parabolic…
Thermal sensation is crucial to enhancing our comprehension of the world and enhancing our ability to interact with it. Therefore, the development of thermal sensation presentation technologies holds significant potential, providing a novel…
From ambient down to cryogenic temperatures, the behaviour of materials changes greatly. Mechanisms leading to variations in electrical, thermal, mechanical, and magnetic properties in pure metals, alloys, and insulators are briefly…
A method is described for cooling conductive channels to below ambient temperature. The thermodynamic induction principle dictates that the electrically biased channel will cool if the electrical conductance decreases with temperature. The…
The understanding of complex and/or large vacuum systems operating at cryogenic temperatures requires a specific knowledge of the vacuum science at such temperatures. At room temperature, molecules with a low binding energy to a surface are…
A cold, thin film of liquid impinging on an isothermal hot, horizontal surface has been investigated. An approximate solution for the velocity and temperature distributions in the flow along the horizontal surface is developed, which…
The cooling of boiling water all the way down to freezing, by thermally connecting it to a thermal bath held at ambient temperature without external intervention, would be quite unexpected. We describe the equivalent of a 'thermal…
The complex time-dependent heat and electromagnetic energy transfer in a new type of cooling system is analyzed. The system consists of a cold body, a Peltier element and an electric circuit containing an inductor with controllable…
Solid-state thermoelectric devices are currently used in applications ranging from thermocouple sensors to power generators in satellites, to portable air-conditioners and refrigerators. With the ever-rising demand throughout the world for…
In this perspective, we discuss thermal imbalance and the associated electron-mediated thermal transport in quantum electronic devices at very low temperatures. We first present the theoretical approaches describing heat transport in…
The technical properties of helium II ('superfluid' helium) are presented in view of its applications to the cooling of superconducting devices, particularly in particle accelerators. Cooling schemes are discussed in terms of heat transfer…
Mist/air two-phase flow is a promising cooling technique for many applications such as internal cooling of gas turbine blades. A significant enhancement of heat transfer can be achieved with a low mass fraction of droplets by utilizing the…
In this opinion piece, we discuss recent advances in experimental methods for characterizing phase change heat transfer. We begin with a survey of techniques for high-resolution measurements of temperature and heat flux at the solid surface…
Convection is a key transport phenomenon important in many different areas, from hydrodynamics and ocean circulation to planetary atmospheres or stellar physics. However its microscopic understanding still remains challenging. Here we…
Thermal convection stands out as an exceptionally efficient thermal transport mechanism, distinctly separate from conduction and radiation. Yet, the inherently elusive nature of fluid motion poses challenges in accurately controlling…