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We develop the laws of thermodynamics in terms of general exponential families. By casting learning (log-loss minimization) problems in max-entropy and statistical mechanics terms, we translate thermodynamics results to learning scenarios.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-01-07 Akshay Balsubramani

What are the fundamental limits and advantages of using a catalyst to aid thermodynamic transformations between quantum systems? In this work, we answer this question by focusing on transformations between energy-incoherent states under the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-28 Jakub Czartowski , A. de Oliveira Junior

We use Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the thermodynamical behaviour of aggregates consisting of few superparamagnetic particles in a colloidal suspension. The potential energy surface of this classical two-level system with a stable…

We numerically determine the entropy for heat-conducting states, which is connected to the so-called excess heat considered as a basic quantity for steady-state thermodynamics in nonequilibrium. We adopt an efficient method to estimate the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-08-17 Yoshiyuki Chiba , Naoko Nakagawa

This Colloquium is a fast journey through the build-up of key thermodynamical concepts, i.e. work, heat and irreversibility -- and how they relate to information. Born at the time of industrial revolution to optimize the exploitation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-24 Alexia Auffèves

In the paper, the principal aspects of the mathematical theory of equilibrium thermodynamics are distinguished. It is proved that the points of degeneration of a Bose gas of fractal dimension in the momentum space coincide with critical…

General Physics · Physics 2015-06-03 V. P. Maslov

For a circuit made of thermodynamic devices in stationary nonequilibrium, we determine the mean currents (of energy, matter, charge, etc) exchanged with external reservoirs driving the circuit out of equilibrium. Starting from the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-05-03 Paul Raux , Christophe Goupil , Gatien Verley

The basic notions of vacuum technology for superconducting applications are presented, with an emphasis on mass and heat transport in free molecular regimes. The working principles and practical details of turbomolecular pumps and cryopumps…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2015-01-29 P Chiggiato

This paper presents a rigorous treatment of the concept of extensivity in equilibrium thermodynamics from a geometric point of view. This is achieved by endowing the manifold of equilibrium states of a system with a smooth atlas that is…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-03-05 Miguel Ángel García-Ariza

Several lectures for non-experts on equilibrium and non-equilibrium kinetics in expanding universe are presented. An establishment of thermal equilibrium in the ealry universe as well as mechanisms leading to deviations from the equilibrium…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-02-07 A. D. Dolgov

Starting from microscopic mechanics, we derive thermodynamic relations for heat conducting nonequilibrium steady states. The extended Clausius relation enables one to experimentally determine nonequilibrium entropy to the second order in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-13 Teruhisa S. Komatsu , Naoko Nakagawa , Shin-ichi Sasa , Hal Tasaki

Both simple and sophisticated models are frequently used in an attempt to understand how real nuclei breakup when subjected to large excitation energies, a process known as nuclear multifragmentation. Many of these models assume…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 J. B. Elliott , A. S. Hirsch

By combining different ideas, a general and efficient protocol to deal with discontinuous phase transitions at low temperatures is proposed. For small $T$'s, it is possible to derive a generic analytic expression for appropriate order…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-03 C. E. Fiore , M. G. E. da Luz

Lecture-notes: introducing and discussing basics on axion electrodynamics with application in the calculation of the images generated by an electric (or a magnetic) charge located close to an interface ordinary insulator-topological…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-12-05 Josep Planelles

We review the general aspects of the concept of temperature in equilibrium and non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. Although temperature is an old and well-established notion, it still presents controversial facets. After a short…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-11-13 A. Puglisi , A. Sarracino , A. Vulpiani

Technological and scientific advances have given rise to an era in which coherent quantum-mechanical phenomena can be probed and experimentally-realised over unprecedented timescales in condensed matter physics. In turn, scientific interest…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-23 Marlon Brenes

We provide a proof of the necessary and sufficient condition on the profile of the temperature, chemical potential, and angular velocity for a charged perfect fluid in dynamic equilibrium to be in thermodynamic equilibrium not only in fixed…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-03-30 Kai Shi , Yu Tian , Xiaoning Wu , Hongbao Zhang , Chuanjia Zhu

In this thesis, the connections between thermodynamics and general relativity are explored. We review the concept of gravitationally induced temperature gradients in equilibrium states, first introduced by Richard Tolman. We explore these…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-12-11 Jessica Santiago

The past twenty years have seen a resurgence of interest in nonequilibrium thermodynamics, thanks to advances in the theory of stochastic processes and in their thermodynamic interpretation. Fluctuation theorems provide fundamental…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-11-16 Robert Marsland , Jeremy England

We analyse the acceleration of a mass with a simple structure taking into account Thermodynamics. Two situations are analysed. The first one for the application of a localized force to a point of the mass. The second one for the application…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Rodrigo de Abreu