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Multi-label text classification (MLTC) is the task of assigning multiple labels to a given text, and has a wide range of application domains. Most existing approaches require an enormous amount of annotated data to learn a classifier and/or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Muberra Ozmen , Joseph Cotnareanu , Mark Coates

Multi-label text classification (MLTC) aims to assign multiple labels to each sample in the dataset. The labels usually have internal correlations. However, traditional methods tend to ignore the correlations between labels. In order to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Pengcheng Yang , Shuming Ma , Yi Zhang , Junyang Lin , Qi Su , Xu Sun

Complementary-label Learning (CLL) is a form of weakly supervised learning that trains an ordinary classifier using only complementary labels, which are the classes that certain instances do not belong to. While existing CLL studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Wei-I Lin , Gang Niu , Hsuan-Tien Lin , Masashi Sugiyama

Multi-label learning deals with the classification problems where each instance can be assigned with multiple labels simultaneously. Conventional multi-label learning approaches mainly focus on exploiting label correlations. It is usually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-07-08 Xiangnan Kong , Zhaoming Wu , Li-Jia Li , Ruofei Zhang , Philip S. Yu , Hang Wu , Wei Fan

Many modern applications deal with multi-label data, such as functional categorizations of genes, image labeling and text categorization. Classification of such data with a large number of labels and latent dependencies among them is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-05 Zahra Ahmadi , Stefan Kramer

Large language models (LLMs) are powerful zero- and few-shot learners. However, when predicting over a set of candidate options, LLMs suffer from label biases, and existing calibration methods overlook biases arising from multi-token class…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Mario Sanz-Guerrero , Katharina von der Wense

Extreme multi-label classification or XMLC, is an active area of interest in machine learning. Compared to traditional multi-label classification, here the number of labels is extremely large, hence, the name extreme multi-label…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Arpan Dasgupta , Preeti Lamba , Ankita Kushwaha , Kiran Ravish , Siddhant Katyan , Shrutimoy Das , Pawan Kumar

Although multi-label learning can deal with many problems with label ambiguity, it does not fit some real applications well where the overall distribution of the importance of the labels matters. This paper proposes a novel learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-04-06 Xin Geng

The use of ensemble-based multi-label methods has been shown to be effective in improving multi-label classification results. One of the most widely used ensemble-based multi-label classifiers is Ensemble of Classifier Chains. Decision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Victor F. Rocha , Alexandre L. Rodrigues , Thiago Oliveira-Santos , Flávio M. Varejão

Semi-supervised multi-label learning (SSMLL) is a powerful framework for leveraging unlabeled data to reduce the expensive cost of collecting precise multi-label annotations. Unlike semi-supervised learning, one cannot select the most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Jia-Hao Xiao , Ming-Kun Xie , Heng-Bo Fan , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama , Sheng-Jun Huang

We propose a novel sample selection method for image classification in the presence of noisy labels. Existing methods typically consider small-loss samples as correctly labeled. However, some correctly labeled samples are inherently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Weiran Pan , Wei Wei , Feida Zhu , Yong Deng

We present an adaptation of RNN sequence models to the problem of multi-label classification for text, where the target is a set of labels, not a sequence. Previous such RNN models define probabilities for sequences but not for sets;…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-12 Kechen Qin , Cheng Li , Virgil Pavlu , Javed A. Aslam

Complementary-label learning (CLL) is a weakly supervised learning paradigm for multiclass classification, where only complementary labels -- indicating classes an instance does not belong to -- are provided to the learning algorithm.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Nai-Xuan Ye , Tan-Ha Mai , Hsiu-Hsuan Wang , Wei-I Lin , Hsuan-Tien Lin

Predicting all applicable labels for a given image is known as multi-label classification. Compared to the standard multi-class case (where each image has only one label), it is considerably more challenging to annotate training data for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Elijah Cole , Oisin Mac Aodha , Titouan Lorieul , Pietro Perona , Dan Morris , Nebojsa Jojic

Hierarchical multi-label classification (HMC) is a challenging classification task extending standard multi-label classification problems by imposing a hierarchy constraint on the classes. In this paper, we propose C-HMCNN(h), a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Eleonora Giunchiglia , Thomas Lukasiewicz

The partial label challenge in Multi-Label Class-Incremental Learning (MLCIL) arises when only the new classes are labeled during training, while past and future labels remain unavailable. This issue leads to a proliferation of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Kaile Du , Yifan Zhou , Fan Lyu , Yuyang Li , Chen Lu , Guangcan Liu

In the recent years, we have witnessed the development of multi-label classification methods which utilize the structure of the label space in a divide and conquer approach to improve classification performance and allow large data sets to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-05-01 Piotr Szymański , Tomasz Kajdanowicz

Standard conformal prediction methods provide a marginal coverage guarantee, which means that for a random test point, the conformal prediction set contains the true label with a user-specified probability. In many classification problems,…

The goal in extreme multi-label classification is to learn a classifier which can assign a small subset of relevant labels to an instance from an extremely large set of target labels. Datasets in extreme classification exhibit a long tail…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-03-06 Rohit Babbar , Bernhard Schölkopf

Recently, as an effective way of learning latent representations, contrastive learning has been increasingly popular and successful in various domains. The success of constrastive learning in single-label classifications motivates us to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Son D. Dao , Ethan Zhao , Dinh Phung , Jianfei Cai