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Exoplanets around different types of stars provide a window into the diverse environments in which planets form. This chapter describes the observed relations between exoplanet populations and stellar properties and how they connect to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-06 Gijs D. Mulders

Planets with non-zero obliquity and/or orbital eccentricity experience seasonal variations of stellar irradiation at local latitudes. The extent of the atmospheric response can be crudely estimated by the ratio between the orbital timescale…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-22 Xianyu Tan

The current exoplanet database includes 5454 confirmed planets and candidate planets observed with the KEPLER mission. We find 932 planet pairs from which we extract distance and orbital period ratios. While earlier studies used the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-09-26 Markus J. Aschwanden , Felix Scholkmann

The rich diversity of multi-planetary systems and their architectures is greatly contrasted by the uniformity exhibited within many of these systems. Previous studies have shown that compact Kepler systems tend to exhibit a peas-in-a-pod…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-10 Alexandra Muresan , Carina Persson , Malcolm Fridlund

We develop an idealized dynamical model to predict the typical properties of outer extrasolar planetary systems, at radii beyond 5 AU. Our hypothesis is that dynamical evolution in outer planetary systems is controlled by a combination of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 Sean N. Raymond , Philip J. Armitage , Noel Gorelick

Planet-planet scattering is the leading mechanism to explain the large eccentricities of the observed exoplanet population. However, scattering has not been considered important to the production of pairs of planets in mean motion…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Sean N. Raymond , Rory Barnes , Philip J. Armitage , Noel Gorelick

This paper explores the stability of an Earth-like planet orbiting a solar mass star in the presence of an outer-lying intermediate mass companion. The overall goal is to estimate the fraction of binary systems that allow Earth-like planets…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Eva-Marie David , Elisa V. Quintana , Marco Fatuzzo , Fred C. Adams

The distribution of orbital period ratios between adjacent observed exoplanets is approximately uniform, but exhibits a strong falloff toward close orbital separations. We show that this falloff can be explained through past dynamical…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-30 Kaitlyn Chen , Oswaldo Cardenas , Brandon Bonifacio , Nikolas Hall , Rori Kang , Daniel Tamayo

We use new interior models of cold planets to investigate the mass-radius relationships of solid exoplanets, considering planets made primarily of iron, silicates, water, and carbon compounds. We find that the mass-radius relationships for…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 S. Seager , M. Kuchner , C. Hier-Majumder , B. Militzer

Before the launch of the Kepler Space Telescope, models of low-mass planet formation predicted that convergent Type I migration would often produce systems of low-mass planets in low-order mean-motion resonances. Instead, Kepler discovered…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-12-06 Jacob H. Hamer , Kevin C. Schlaufman

The formation and evolution of planetary systems are linked to their host stellar environment. In this study, we employ a pebble accretion-based planet population synthesis model to explore the correlation between planetary properties and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-02 Mengrui Pan , Beibei Liu , Linjie Jiang , Jiwei Xie , Wei Zhu , Ignasi Ribas

Most planetary systems are formed within stellar clusters, and these environments can shape their properties. This paper considers scattering encounters between solar systems and passing cluster members, and calculates the corresponding…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 Gongjie Li , Fred C. Adams

We investigated the underlying architecture of planetary systems by deriving the distribution of planet multiplicity (number of planets) and the distribution of orbital inclinations based on the sample of planet candidates discovered by the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 Julia Fang , Jean-Luc Margot

Tidal interactions and planet evaporation processes impact the evolution of close-in star-planet systems. We study the impact of stellar rotation on these processes. We compute the time evolution of star-planet systems consisting of a…

Comparative studies of young and old exoplanet populations offer a glimpse into how planets may form and evolve with time. We present an occurrence rate study of short-period ($<$12 days) planets between 1.8--10 Rearth around 1374 FGK stars…

A mass-radius relationship is proposed for solid planets and solid cores ranging from 1 to 100 Earth-mass planets. It relies on the assumption that solid spheres are composed of iron and silicates, around which a variable amount of water is…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 O. Grasset , J. Schneider , C. Sotin

Exoplanet discoveries of recent years have provided a great deal of new data for studying the bulk compositions of giant planets. Here we identify 47 transiting giant planets ($20 M_\oplus < M < 20 M_{\mathrm{J}}$) whose stellar insolation…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-11-08 Daniel P. Thorngren , Jonathan J. Fortney , Ruth A. Murray-Clay , Eric D. Lopez

The discovery of now about 20 extrasolar planets orbiting solar-type stars with properties quite different from those in our Solar System has raised many questions about the formation and evolution of planets. The tidal interaction between…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Willy Kley

Multi-planetary systems detected by the Kepler mission present an excess of planets close to first-order mean-motion resonances (2:1 and 3:2) but with a period ratio slightly higher than the resonant value. Several mechanisms have been…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-22 J. -B. Delisle , J. Laskar

Condensed planets contract or expand as their temperature changes. With the exception of the effect of phase changes, this phenomenon is generally interpreted as being solely related to the thermal expansivity of the planet's components.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-23 Yanick Ricard , Frédéric Chambat