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Unbiased Learning to Rank (ULTR) that learns to rank documents with biased user feedback data is a well-known challenge in information retrieval. Existing methods in unbiased learning to rank typically rely on click modeling or inverse…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Dan Luo , Lixin Zou , Qingyao Ai , Zhiyu Chen , Dawei Yin , Brian D. Davison

Unsupervised domain adaptation generalizes neural retrievers to an unseen domain by generating pseudo queries on target domain documents. The quality and efficiency of this adaptation critically depend on which documents are selected for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jongyoon Kim , Minseong Hwang , Seung-won Hwang

We introduce STRIVE (SpatioTemporal Reinforcement with Importance-aware Variant Exploration), a structured reinforcement learning framework for video question answering. While group-based policy optimization methods have shown promise in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Emad Bahrami , Olga Zatsarynna , Parth Pathak , Sunando Sengupta , Juergen Gall , Mohsen Fayyaz

A general framework of latent trait item response models for continuous responses is given. In contrast to classical test theory models, which traditionally distinguish between true scores and error scores, the responses are clearly linked…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-04-11 Gerhard Tutz , Pascal Jordan

Statistical shape models enhance machine learning algorithms providing prior information about deformation. A Point Distribution Model (PDM) is a popular landmark-based statistical shape model for segmentation. It requires choosing a model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-02 Alma Eguizabal , Peter J. Schreier , David Ramírez

Recent years have witnessed a surge in the number of large language models (LLMs), yet efficiently managing and utilizing these vast resources remains a significant challenge. In this work, we explore how to learn compact representations of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Jianhao Chen , Chenxu Wang , Gengrui Zhang , Peng Ye , Lei Bai , Wei Hu , Yuzhong Qu , Shuyue Hu

In this work, we present a novel, machine-learning approach for constructing Multiclass Interpretable Scoring Systems (MISS) - a fully data-driven methodology for generating single, sparse, and user-friendly scoring systems for multiclass…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Michal K. Grzeszczyk , Tomasz Trzciński , Arkadiusz Sitek

Monte Carlo simulations are the primary methodology for evaluating Item Response Theory (IRT) methods, yet marginal reliability - the fundamental metric of data informativeness - is rarely treated as an explicit design factor. Unlike in…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-14 JoonHo Lee

Reward models (RMs) are essential for aligning large language models (LLM) with human expectations. However, existing RMs struggle to capture the stochastic and uncertain nature of human preferences and fail to assess the reliability of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Xingzhou Lou , Dong Yan , Wei Shen , Yuzi Yan , Jian Xie , Junge Zhang

This work presents a systematic study of objective evaluations of abstaining classifications using Information-Theoretic Measures (ITMs). First, we define objective measures for which they do not depend on any free parameter. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2012-08-16 Bao-Gang Hu , Ran He , XiaoTong Yuan

Scoring systems are classification models that only require users to add, subtract and multiply a few meaningful numbers to make a prediction. These models are often used because they are practical and interpretable. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-04-14 Berk Ustun , Stefano Tracà , Cynthia Rudin

In this work, we present a domain-independent approach for adaptive scaffolding in robotic explanation generation to guide tasks in human-robot interaction. We present a method for incorporating interdisciplinary research results into a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-28 André Groß , Birte Richter , Britta Wrede

Typical IRT rating-scale models assume that the rating category threshold parameters are the same over examinees. However, it can be argued that many rating data sets violate this assumption. To address this practical psychometric problem,…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-03-22 Ken Akira Fujimoto , George Karabatsos

Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT) is a widely used, efficient test mode that adapts to the examinee's proficiency level in the test domain. CAT requires pre-trained item profiles, for CAT iteratively assesses the student real-time based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Soonwoo Kwon , Sojung Kim , Seunghyun Lee , Jin-Young Kim , Suyeong An , Kyuseok Kim

In testing industry, precise item categorization is pivotal to align exam questions with the designated content domains outlined in the assessment blueprint. Traditional methods either entail manual classification, which is laborious and…

This paper proposes a method for assessing differential item functioning (DIF) in item response theory (IRT) models. The method does not require pre-specification of anchor items, which is its main virtue. It is developed in two main steps,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-08 Peter F. Halpin

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) necessitates valid evaluation methods to guide downstream applications and actionable future improvements. The Item Response Theory (IRT) has recently emerged as a promising framework for…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-12 Zhiyu Xu , Jia Liu , Yixin Wang , Yuqi Gu

Missingness is a common occurrence in educational assessment and psychological measurement. It could not be casually ignored as it may threaten the validity of the test if not handled properly. Considering the difference between omitted and…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-04-09 Jinxin Guo

Smart Reply (SR) systems present a user with a set of replies, of which one can be selected in place of having to type out a response. To perform well at this task, a system should be able to effectively present the user with a diverse set…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Benjamin Towle , Ke Zhou

Most predictive models assume that training and test data are generated from a stationary process. However, this assumption does not hold true in practice. In this paper, we consider the scenario of a gradual concept drift due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-12 Subhro Das , Prasanth Lade , Soundar Srinivasan
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