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Given a graph with edges labeled by elements in $\mathbb{Z}/m\mathbb{Z}$, a generalized spline is a labeling of each vertex by an integer $\mod m$ such that the labels of adjacent vertices agree modulo the label associated to the edge…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-06-02 McCleary Philbin , Lindsay Swift , Alison Tammaro , Danielle Williams

Given a graph $G$ whose edges are labeled by ideals of a commutative ring $R$ with identity, a generalized spline is a vertex labeling of $G$ by the elements of $R$ so that the difference of labels on adjacent vertices is an element of the…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2023-01-31 Selma Altınok , Samet Sarıoğlan

Given a graph whose edges are labeled by ideals of a commutative ring R with identity, a generalized spline is a vertex labeling by the elements of R such that the difference of the labels on adjacent vertices lies in the ideal associated…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2023-01-31 Selma Altinok , Samet Sarioglan

Let G be a graph whose edges are labeled by positive integers. Label each vertex with an integer and suppose if two vertices are joined by an edge, the vertex labels are congruent to each other modulo the edge label. The set of vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-09-05 Madeline Handschy , Julie Melnick , Stephanie Reinders

Let R be a commutative ring with identity. An edge labeled graph is a graph with edges labeled by ideals of R. A generalized spline over an edge labeled graph is a vertex labeling by elements of R, such that the labels of any two adjacent…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2023-01-31 Selma Altinok , Samet Sarioglan

A generalized spline on an edge labeled graph $(G,\alpha)$ is defined as a vertex labeling, such that the difference of labels on adjacent vertices lies in the ideal generated by the edge label. We study generalized splines over greatest…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2023-01-31 Seher Fişekci , Samet Sarıoğlan

Let $G$ be a graph whose edges are labeled by ideals of a commutative ring $R$ with identity. Such a graph is called an edge-labeled graph over $R$. A generalized spline is a vertex labeling so that the difference between the labels of any…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2022-01-21 Selma Altınok , Gökçen Dilaver

Let G be a graph whose edges are labeled by ideals of a commutative ring. We introduce a generalized spline, which is a vertex-labeling of G by elements of the ring so that the difference between the labels of any two adjacent vertices lies…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-02-24 Simcha Gilbert , Shira Polster , Julianna Tymoczko

An integer generalized spline is a set of vertex labels on an edge-labeled graph that satisfy the condition that if two vertices are joined by an edge, the vertex labels are congruent modulo the edge label. Foundational work on these…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2015-02-03 Nealy Bowden , Sarah Hagen , Melanie King , Stephanie Reinders

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity and $G$ a graph. An extending generalized spline on $G$ is a vertex labeling $f \in \prod_{v} M_v$, where for each edge $e=uv$ there exists an $R$-module $M_{uv}$ together with homomorphisms $…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Gökçen Dilaver , Selma Altinok

Generalized splines are an algebraic combinatorial framework that generalizes and unifies various established concepts across different fields, most notably the classical notion of splines and the topological notion of GKM theory. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-16 Portia Anderson , Jacob P. Matherne , Julianna Tymoczko

Generalized integer splines on a graph $G$ with integer edge weights are integer vertex labelings such that if two vertices share an edge in $G$, the vertex labels are congruent modulo the edge weight. We introduce collapsing operations…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-11-05 Lauren Rose , Jeff Suzuki

A spline is an assignment of polynomials to the vertices of a graph whose edges are labeled by ideals, where the difference of two polynomials labeling adjacent vertices must belong to the corresponding ideal. The set of splines forms a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-25 Nathan R. T. Lesnevich

Continuous spline functions are defined as piecewise polynomials on the faces of a polyhedral complex that agree on the intersections of two faces. Splines are used in approximation theory and numerical analysis, with applications in data…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-27 Shaheen Nazir , Anne Schilling , Julianna Tymoczko

Generalized splines on a graph $G$ with edge labels in a commutative ring $R$ are vertex labelings such that if two vertices share an edge in $G$, the difference between the vertex labels lies in the ideal generated by the edge label. When…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2022-08-30 Lauren L. Rose , Kariane Calta

Classical splines feature prominently in approximation theory and numerical analysis, while GKM theory arises in the study of equivariant cohomology. More recently, generalized splines have been studied which simultaneously generalize both…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-04 Kyle Stoltz

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity and $G$ a graph. \emph{An extending generalized spline} on $G$ is a vertex labeling $f \in \prod_{v} M_v$ such that at each edge $e=uv$ there is an $R$-module $M_{uv}$ together with homomorphisms…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-08 Gökçen Dilaver , Selma Altınok

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity and $G$ a graph. Extending generalized splines are a further extension of generalized splines by allowing vertex labels of $G$ to lie in varying modules rather than in a fixed ring $R$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-05 Gökçen Dilaver , Selma Altınok

Generalized splines are a simultaneous generalization of GKM theory -- which studies equivariant cohomology -- and classical splines, which provide piecewise approximations of functions. Generalized splines can also be understood via…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2025-12-18 Kyle Stoltz

We study generalized splines from the perspective of the representation theory of the category of graphs with contractions. Our main theorem proves a kind of finite generation, which in turn implies the existence of a ``universal generating…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Jacob Matherne , Eric Ramos , Julianna Tymoczko
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